农业上市公司盈余管理手段实证研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 15:39

【摘要】：盈余管理问题普遍存在于企业财务管理之中。不同行业盈余管理原因及手段必然不同。尤其是对于非常特殊的农业来讲,农业对国民经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。从中央到地方政府对农业,尤其是对农业上市公司关注力度较大,一系列优惠措施也较多。而农业上市公司同时受到自然因素和市场因素的双重影响,其业绩状况也较差。因此,农业上市公司进行盈余管理的原因及手段也必然存在自身的特殊性。而纵观国内外研究现状,多数研究集中于制造业等其他行业,对于农业上市公司盈余管理的研究较少。本文通过对我国农业上市公司盈余管理的原因及手段的分析,旨在为治理农业上市公司盈余管理行为提供相应的对策。本文以盈余管理的相关理论为基础,并结合农业上市公司的现状,选择2011-2013年我国农业上市公司数据,采用多元回归的分析方法对农业上市公司盈余管理程度及盈余管理手段的偏好性进行研究。文章主要研究了以下四个问题,并得出相关结论。第一,从对农业上公司现状的分析中发现我国农业上市公司普遍业绩低下,并且受自然坏境的影响较大,而股本的规模也都不太大。生物资产核算率较低,出现了很强的“背农”现象。同时发现农业上市公司获得的政府补助是净利润重要的来源。农业上市公司整体收益质量不是很高,属于弱质性行业;第二,从对我国相关的会计准则的分析中发现农业上市公司同其他类别上市公司相同的盈余管理手段,如提前确认收入、会计政策和会计估计的变更、公允价值计量方法的选择。此外还发现了农业上市公司特殊的盈余管理手段即生物资产和政府补助。同时在生物资产准则和政府补助准则的确认、计量、披露方面的确发现农业上市公司可以进行盈余管理的空间;第三,从实证的角度出发,运用扩展的Jones模型,验证了我国农业上市公司的确存在不同程度的盈余管理的行为。生物资产也确实成为农业上市公司盈余管理的手段之一。同时从利润构成角度出发,运用多元回归的计量方法,发现农业上市公司盈余管理的手段具有一定的偏好性。如农业上市公司更加倾向于采用政府补助等影响营业外收支的项目来操纵应计利润,进而达到盈余管理的目的;第四,提出相关的治理对策。首先应当完善相关准则,尤其是政府补助准则和生物资产准则;其次需要加强政府的扶持和监督管理,为农业上市公司提高经济效益提供良好的外部条件;然后需要加强对外部审计的监督,提高审计的独立性;最后就是要加强农业上市公司内部的治理,优化股权结构,完善公司治理机制。本文有两处创新点,首先针对农业上市公司一般和特殊的盈余管理手段分析,使得研究更加具有针对性和独创性。其次在实证分析中融入了农业上市公司的特点,加入相关变量,针对农业上市公司盈余管理程度及手段偏好性进行研究。
[Abstract]:Earnings management problems generally exist in the financial management of enterprises. The reasons and means of earnings management in different industries must be different. Especially for very special agriculture, agriculture plays a vital role in the development of national economy. From central to local governments pay more attention to agriculture, especially agricultural listed companies, a series of preferential measures. Agricultural listed companies are affected by both natural factors and market factors, and their performance is poor. Therefore, the reasons and means of earnings management of agricultural listed companies must also have their own particularity. However, most of the studies focus on other industries such as manufacturing industry, but the research on earnings management of agricultural listed companies is less. Based on the analysis of the causes and means of earnings management of agricultural listed companies in China, this paper aims to provide corresponding countermeasures for the management of earnings management of agricultural listed companies. Based on the theory of earnings management and the current situation of agricultural listed companies, this paper selects the data of agricultural listed companies from 2011 to 2013. This paper studies the degree of earnings management and preference of earnings management means of agricultural listed companies by means of multiple regression analysis. This paper mainly studies the following four problems and draws relevant conclusions. First, from the analysis of the current situation of agricultural companies, we find that the performance of agricultural listed companies in China is generally low, and the impact of natural bad environment is greater, and the scale of equity is not too large. The biological assets count rate is low, appeared very strong "back farmer" phenomenon. At the same time, it is found that the government subsidy to agricultural listed companies is an important source of net profit. The overall income quality of agricultural listed companies is not very high, which belongs to the weak industry. Secondly, from the analysis of the relevant accounting standards of our country, we find that agricultural listed companies have the same earnings management means as other listed companies. Such as revenue recognition in advance, changes in accounting policies and accounting estimates, selection of fair value measurement methods. In addition, the special earnings management methods of agricultural listed companies, namely biological assets and government subsidies, are also found. At the same time, in the confirmation, measurement and disclosure of the biological assets criterion and the government subsidy criterion, we do find that the agricultural listed companies can carry on the earnings management space. Thirdly, from the empirical point of view, using the extended Jones model, It verifies that the listed agricultural companies do have the behavior of earnings management to varying degrees. Biological assets have indeed become one of the means of earnings management of agricultural listed companies. At the same time, from the perspective of profit composition, we find that the means of earnings management of agricultural listed companies have a certain preference by using the method of multiple regression. For example, agricultural listed companies are more inclined to use government subsidies and other items that affect non-operating income and expenditure to manipulate accrual profits to achieve the purpose of earnings management; fourth, put forward relevant governance countermeasures. First, we should perfect the relevant standards, especially the government subsidy criterion and the biological assets criterion; secondly, we should strengthen the government's support and supervision and management to provide good external conditions for the agricultural listed companies to improve the economic efficiency. Then we need to strengthen the supervision of external audit and improve the independence of audit. Finally, we should strengthen the internal governance of agricultural listed companies, optimize the ownership structure, and improve the corporate governance mechanism. There are two innovations in this paper. Firstly, the general and special earnings management methods of agricultural listed companies are analyzed, which makes the research more targeted and original. Secondly, the characteristics of agricultural listed companies are taken into account in the empirical analysis, and relevant variables are added to study the degree of earnings management and the preference of means of agricultural listed companies.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324

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