绥化市家庭农场发展的制约因素分析及对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 12:14

【摘要】：随着工业化和城市化建设的稳步推进,我国农业农村的发展也已经进入了新的阶段,农业人口的大量转移引起土地非农化、兼业化日益加重,严重影响粮食生产安全,制约着现代建设的进程,因此,要应对我国农业兼业化、农村空心化、农民老龄化等问题,必须加快创新农业经营主体。家庭农场作为新型农业经营主体之一,利用家庭承包及土地流转方式获得土地,以家庭成员作为主要劳动力,实现生产规模化、市场化经营,保留了农户家庭经营的基础地位,改造了传统农业的规模小、生产分散、自给自足的形成,吸收现代企业的特点,提高农场的商品化和机械化程度,加强了农户与市场的联系,符合农业生产特点及现阶段我国经济社会的发展,是推动农业农村经济发展,实现农业现代化的重要力量。绥化市作为黑龙江省粮食的主产区之一,以“北国大粮仓”著称,是我国重要的商品粮基地、畜牧业发展基地和农副产品出口创汇基地。基于粮食主产区的地理优势、农业规模化经营及先进农业技术的引进,家庭农场在绥化市广泛兴起并快速发展,但数量快速增长的同时引起了家庭农场发展的不规范,因此,本研究的目的正是结合绥化市自然条件、农业基础及家庭农场的发展现状,具体分析绥化市家庭农场发展中存在的制约因素,明确绥化市发展家庭农场的基本思路、原则与模式,并提出推动绥化市家庭农场稳步发展的对策建议,促进绥化市现代农业的发展建设。本研究通过对相关研究观点进行整理,总结了国内外有关家庭农场的研究动态;阐述了家庭农场的相关概念和理论基础,为界定绥化市家庭农场的认定标准及培育提供了理论依据;其次,选取绥化市绥棱、海伦等地的150个家庭农场作为调查样本进行实地调研,通过对调查问卷获得的信息进行整理和分析,总结出绥化市发展家庭农场的条件基础与发展现状,根据调研数据定性分析得出土地流转困难、资金不足、农场主综合素质不高、培育监管制度不完善等是制约绥化市家庭农场发展的主要因素,提出健全土地流转机制、建立金融支持体制、加强对家庭农场主的教育培训、引入家庭农场准入机制和退出机制及健全社会化服务体系等对策建议,为加强家庭农场的发展和政策扶持,提高农业集约化经营水平及合理规划家庭农场未来发展前景提供实践依据。
[Abstract]:With the steady development of industrialization and urbanization, the development of agricultural countryside in our country has entered a new stage. The process of modern construction is restricted, so we must speed up the innovation of agricultural management subject in order to deal with the problems of agricultural concurrent industry, rural hollowness and the aging of farmers. As one of the main bodies of new agricultural management, family farm obtains land by means of family contract and land circulation, takes family members as the main labor force, realizes large-scale production and marketization, and retains the basic status of household management. The traditional agriculture has been reformed in terms of its small scale, dispersed production, self-sufficiency, absorbing the characteristics of modern enterprises, increasing the degree of commercialization and mechanization of farms, and strengthening the links between farmers and the market. In line with the characteristics of agricultural production and the current economic and social development of our country, it is an important force to promote the development of agricultural rural economy and realize agricultural modernization. As one of the main grain producing areas in Heilongjiang Province, Suihua is famous for its "big granary in the north", which is an important commodity grain base, a base for the development of animal husbandry and a base for the export of agricultural and sideline products to earn foreign exchange. Based on the geographical advantages of the main grain producing areas, the large-scale management of agriculture and the introduction of advanced agricultural technology, family farms are widely rising and developing rapidly in Suihua City. However, the rapid increase in the number of family farms at the same time leads to the non-standard development of family farms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the restrictive factors in the development of family farms in Suihua City by combining the natural conditions of Suihua City, the agricultural foundation and the present situation of family farms, and to make clear the basic ideas for the development of family farms in Suihua City. The principles and models are put forward to promote the steady development of family farms in Suihua City and to promote the development and construction of modern agriculture in Suihua City. This research summarizes the research trends of family farms at home and abroad, and expounds the related concepts and theoretical basis of family farms. It provides a theoretical basis for defining the standard and cultivation of family farms in Suihua City. Secondly, 150 family farms in Suihua City, Suileng City, Helen and other places are selected for field investigation. Through sorting out and analyzing the information obtained from the questionnaire, the paper summarizes the conditions and present situation of developing family farms in Suihua City. According to the qualitative analysis of the investigation data, it is concluded that the land circulation is difficult, the funds are insufficient, and the farmers' comprehensive quality is not high. The imperfection of cultivation and supervision system is the main factor that restricts the development of family farm in Suihua City. It is proposed to perfect the land circulation mechanism, establish the financial support system, and strengthen the education and training of the family farmers. In order to strengthen the development and policy support of family farms, we should introduce the admission mechanism and exit mechanism of family farms and perfect the socialized service system. To improve agricultural intensive management level and reasonable planning family farm future development prospects provide practical basis.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324.1

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