我国新型城镇化过程中的农村土地制度改革:权利安排与路径设计
发布时间：2018-09-17 14:40
【摘要】：农村土地制度改革是走新型城镇化道路的内在要求和必然选择,其基本目标是要实现土地收益分配公平与土地配置效率兼顾。土地制度包括土地所有权制度和土地产权制度,二者有着不同的理论渊源,前者来自欧洲大陆法系,后者来自英美普通法系。中华人民共和国成立后,我国的土地制度框架是在马克思主义所有权理论的指导下建立起来的,在某种程度上沿袭了欧洲大陆法系的原则。但大陆法系的土地所有制问题在于产权设置过于单一,难以调动劳动者的积极性,导致我国过去很长时间中农村土地利用效率比较低。而源于英美法系的西方产权思想倡导土地产权私有化和明晰化,虽能实现土地的高效配置,却无法解决土地集中和收益分配的两极分化问题,也不适合我国的基本制度和国情。因此,未来农村土地制度改革的出路在于,走土地所有权公有和土地产权明晰相融合的道路。这就需要建立和完善国家-集体两级土地所有制,以及建立现代化的新型农村土地合作社。前者是保障土地收益公平分配的制度基础,后者则是沟通土地公有和产权明晰的桥梁与组织基础。
[Abstract]:The reform of rural land system is the inherent requirement and inevitable choice of the new urbanization road, and its basic goal is to realize the equity of land income distribution and the efficiency of land allocation. Land system includes land ownership system and land property right system. The former comes from the continental law system of Europe and the latter comes from the common law system of the common law system. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's land system framework was established under the guidance of Marxist ownership theory, and to some extent followed the principles of European continental law system. However, the problem of land ownership in civil law system is that the property right is too single to arouse the enthusiasm of laborers, which leads to the low efficiency of rural land use in the past. The western thought of property right, which originated from Anglo-American law system, advocates privatization and clarity of land property right. Although it can realize the efficient allocation of land, it can not solve the problem of polarization of land concentration and income distribution, nor is it suitable for the basic system and national conditions of our country. Therefore, the future reform of rural land system lies in the road of the combination of land ownership, public ownership and land property rights. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and perfect the state-collective land ownership system and to establish modern new rural land cooperatives. The former is the institutional basis for ensuring the fair distribution of land income, while the latter is the bridge and organizational foundation for the communication between the public ownership of land and the clarity of property rights.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院研究生院;中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;
【分类号】：F321.1
[Abstract]:The reform of rural land system is the inherent requirement and inevitable choice of the new urbanization road, and its basic goal is to realize the equity of land income distribution and the efficiency of land allocation. Land system includes land ownership system and land property right system. The former comes from the continental law system of Europe and the latter comes from the common law system of the common law system. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's land system framework was established under the guidance of Marxist ownership theory, and to some extent followed the principles of European continental law system. However, the problem of land ownership in civil law system is that the property right is too single to arouse the enthusiasm of laborers, which leads to the low efficiency of rural land use in the past. The western thought of property right, which originated from Anglo-American law system, advocates privatization and clarity of land property right. Although it can realize the efficient allocation of land, it can not solve the problem of polarization of land concentration and income distribution, nor is it suitable for the basic system and national conditions of our country. Therefore, the future reform of rural land system lies in the road of the combination of land ownership, public ownership and land property rights. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and perfect the state-collective land ownership system and to establish modern new rural land cooperatives. The former is the institutional basis for ensuring the fair distribution of land income, while the latter is the bridge and organizational foundation for the communication between the public ownership of land and the clarity of property rights.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院研究生院;中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;
【分类号】：F321.1
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