民国时期安徽乌江农民合作组织研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 13:57

【摘要】：近代中国饱受外忧内患,农村经济日益破产。借此,广大爱国志士加入农村复兴运动中,以山东邹平模式、河北定县模式最为代表。民国十九年,金陵大学与中央农业推广委员会合作,在安徽乌江成立农业推广实验区,进行农业改良推广,取得显著的社会经济效益。乌江农会实行会员宽进严管、会员结构合理；通过与中国银行合作,经营粮食抵押,减少“谷贱伤农”的损失；辅助农民组织合作社,缓解农村资金枯竭问题；团结农民对抗劣绅土豪,维护农民权益；代为农民解决法律土地纠纷,维持乡村社会和谐。基于民国时期农村复兴运动的背景,本文以安徽乌江农民合作组织为研究对象,利用民国时期有关乌江农民合作组织的史料,使用经济学与史学相结合的方法对乌江农民合作组织的成立与运营进行剖析,发现乌江农民合作组织治理完善,主要是将散漫弱小的农民组织起来,进行农业改良,推动乡村经济社会协调发展。首先,通过建立博弈模型,分析合作社和棉农间的行为博弈,得出完善的合作社制度、丰富的社会资本是棉农守法的重要因素,执行成本是影响合作社执法的重要因素的结论。结合史料发现实验区运营棉花运销合作,改善了棉花交易环境,提高了棉农的收益。乌江信用合作社严格审查会员资格、合理安排借款用途、期限及借款额度,实行抵押担保、提取公积金等风险管控措施,缓解了乡村资金枯竭。其次,拟用比较制度分析法,解释合作社进展的困境,发现国民政府实施战时统制经济政策,强化合作对乡村资源的控制,严重偏离了合作社设立的初衷。最后,总结乌江农民合作组织的特点及提出其借鉴价值。乌江实验区作为“第一行动集团”,加速传统农业向现代农业转变,形成诱致性制度变迁；农会指导协助成立合作社,合作组织一体化效应显著。当下政府进行顶层制度设计时需考虑底层实际,完善信息服务平台建设、创新财政金融政策及加快基础设施建设,建立多元化模式的“三位一体”的合作组织。
[Abstract]:Modern China suffered from external and internal troubles, and the rural economy went bankrupt day by day. Thus, the vast number of patriots joined the rural rejuvenation movement, Shandong Zouping model, Hebei Dingxian model is the most representative. In 1919, Jinling University cooperated with the Central Agricultural extension Committee to set up an agricultural extension experimental area in Wujiang, Anhui Province, to carry out agricultural improvement and extension, with remarkable social and economic benefits. The Wujiang Farmers Association implements strict management of its members, and its membership structure is reasonable; through cooperation with the Bank of China, it manages grain mortgages to reduce the loss of "untouchable farmers"; assists farmers in organizing cooperatives to alleviate the problem of capital depletion in rural areas; Unite the peasants against the bad gentry and land, safeguard the rights and interests of the peasants, solve the legal land disputes on their behalf, and maintain the harmony of the rural society. Based on the background of the rural rejuvenation movement in the period of the Republic of China, this paper takes the rural cooperative organization of Wujiang in Anhui Province as the research object, and makes use of the historical data of the rural cooperative organization of Wujiang in the period of the Republic of China. Using the method of combining economics and history to analyze the establishment and operation of Wujiang farmer cooperative organization, it is found that the governance of Wujiang farmer cooperative organization is perfect, mainly to organize the loose and weak peasants to carry out agricultural improvement. Promoting coordinated development of rural economy and society. First of all, through establishing the game model, analyzing the behavior game between the cooperative and the cotton farmer, the conclusion is drawn that the perfect cooperative system, abundant social capital is the important factor of cotton farmers abiding by the law, and the execution cost is the important factor affecting the cooperative law enforcement. Based on the historical data, it is found that the cooperative operation of cotton transportation and marketing in the experimental area improves the cotton trading environment and the income of cotton farmers. Wujiang Credit Union strictly examines the membership, reasonably arranges the loan purpose, the term and the loan quota, implements the mortgage guarantee, draws the accumulation fund and so on the risk control measure, alleviates the countryside fund to dry up. Secondly, the author intends to use comparative system analysis method to explain the plight of the progress of cooperatives, and find out that the national government implements the economic policy of controlling economy in wartime and strengthens the control of rural resources by cooperation, which deviates from the original intention of setting up cooperatives seriously. Finally, the paper summarizes the characteristics of Wujiang Peasant Cooperative Organization and puts forward its reference value. As the "first action group", Wujiang experimental area accelerates the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture and forms induced institutional changes. At present, the government should consider the reality of the bottom layer, perfect the construction of information service platform, innovate the financial policy and accelerate the construction of infrastructure, and establish a "trinity" cooperation organization.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F321.42

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