密云水库流域“稻改旱”生态补偿农户参与意愿分析

发布时间：2018-10-20 18:04

【摘要】：近年来,北京市政府在密云水库上游实施"稻改旱"生态补偿项目,确保城市供水安全,而上游农户能否积极参与,是该项目成功的关键。基于农户调查数据,运用选择实验模型分析了密云水库上游河北省丰宁县3个乡镇农户"稻改旱"项目的参与意愿特征。定量估计了"合同期限"、"是否可以中途退出"、"参与项目土地比例"、"化肥减量使用"、"是否可以浇水"和"补贴金额"共6个选择属性对农户参与意愿的影响。除"参与项目土地比例"外,其余属性均对农户项目参与意愿有显著影响。以此为基础,估计出各个具有显著影响选择属性的边际效应和边际接受意愿。结果表明:(1)农户青睐"可以中途退出"和"短合同期"的选择属性,反映出项目蕴藏的可持续性风险。可通过创造更多符合本地劳动力特点的非农就业机会加以解决;(2)"不可以浇水"和"减少化肥使用"已成为阻碍农户参与的两个因素。现阶段可先通过技术培训的方式,从改善农户环境意识入手,以减少农户生产行为对项目成效的不利影响;(3)补偿金额对于动员农户参与的效果较为有限,而其它几个选择属性却表现出较好的农户动员参与特性。因此,可尝试增强农户自主参与决策,并引入弹性合同机制,以有效吸引农户参与,同时节约补偿资金使用;(4)不同乡镇对"稻改旱"项目表现出差异化的参与意愿。与农业乡镇相比,非农产业乡镇的补偿期望相对较高。因此,今后应考虑改变以往不分区域"一刀切"的做法,设计多样化的补偿策略。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Beijing Municipal Government has implemented the ecological compensation project of "Rice to drought" in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir to ensure the safety of urban water supply, and whether the upstream farmers can participate actively is the key to the success of the project. Based on the survey data of farmers, the characteristics of participation intention of three township farmers in Fengning County, Hebei Province, in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir were analyzed by using the selection experiment model. This paper estimates quantitatively the influence of "contract duration", "whether it is possible to withdraw halfway", "proportion of land involved in projects", "use of less fertilizer", "can be watered" and "subsidy amount" to farmers' willingness to participate in the project. Except for the proportion of land involved in the project, the other attributes have a significant effect on the willingness of farmers to participate in the project. Based on this, the marginal effect and the marginal receptive intention with significant influence on the selection attribute are estimated. The results show that: (1) Farmers prefer "can withdraw" and "short contract period", which reflects the sustainability risk of the project. It can be solved by creating more non-agricultural employment opportunities that are suitable to the characteristics of local labor force; (2) "No watering" and "reducing fertilizer use" have become two factors that hinder farmers' participation. In order to reduce the adverse impact of farmers' production behavior on the project effectiveness, we can start with the improvement of farmers' environmental awareness by means of technical training at this stage. (3) the compensation amount has a limited effect on mobilizing farmers to participate in the project. However, the other selection attributes show better characteristics of farmers' mobilization and participation. Therefore, we can try to strengthen farmers' independent participation in decision-making, and introduce flexible contract mechanism to effectively attract farmers to participate and save the use of compensation funds. (4) different villages and towns show different willingness to participate in the "rice drought" project. Compared with agricultural villages and towns, the compensation expectations of non-agricultural industrial towns are relatively high. Therefore, consideration should be given to changing the "one-size-fits-all" approach and designing diversified compensation strategies.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持学院;北京林学会;中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所;北京林业大学经济管理学院;森林趋势;
【基金】：北京市科技计划资助项目(z141100006014031,z141100006014037)
【分类号】：F327

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