湖北大冶镉污染稻田种植模式调整的生态补偿研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 21:24

【摘要】：中国是农业大国,农业的发展关系着社会的进步和经济的增长。近几年,由于农田污染所造成的稻米镉污染问题,越来越受到公众的关注。面对严峻的农田镉污染形势,采取种植结构调整,改种非食用型经济作物,不但能对土壤进行生态修复,还能提高农田土地的使用效率。根据相关调查,我国湖北省大冶市的农田镉污染大部分属于轻、中度污染,对于当前以水稻为主的种植结构,通过科学方式进行调整可以保证农产品生产的安全性。针对大冶市进行实地问卷调研,运用条件价值法和机会成本法对镉污染农田种植结构调整的生态补偿标准进行核算,得出单季稻、双季稻改种棉花的生态补偿标准分别为11119~12259 yuan hm-2 a-1、20613~21513 yuan hm-2 a-1。由于大冶市农户年龄偏大、人多地少,棉花种植劳动力投入大且效益偏低,分别从政策补偿、实物补偿和技术补偿方面提出建议,有利于棉花的种植结构得以顺利推广。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country, the development of agriculture is related to social progress and economic growth. In recent years, rice cadmium pollution caused by farmland pollution has attracted more and more public attention. In the face of the severe situation of cadmium pollution in farmland, adjusting the planting structure and changing to non-edible cash crops can not only restore the soil ecologically, but also improve the efficiency of farmland land use. According to the relevant investigation, most of the cadmium pollution of farmland in Daye City, Hubei Province belongs to light and moderate pollution. The safety of agricultural production can be ensured by scientific adjustment for the current rice planting structure. Based on the questionnaire investigation in Daye City, the ecological compensation standard for the adjustment of farmland planting structure caused by cadmium pollution was calculated by using conditional value method and opportunity cost method, and the single-cropping rice was obtained. The ecological compensation standard of double cropping rice changed to cotton was 11119 ~ 12259 yuan hm-2 a ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (20) 613 ~ (13) yuan hm-2 a ~ (-1), respectively. Because the farmers in Daye City are too old, many people and less land, and the labor input of cotton planting is large and the benefit is on the low side, suggestions are put forward from the aspects of policy compensation, material compensation and technical compensation respectively, which is beneficial to the smooth popularization of cotton planting structure.
【作者单位】：内蒙古大学环境与资源学院;农业部环境保护科研监测所;
【基金】：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2015MS0712) 农业部环境保护科研监测所项目“重金属污染农田安全生产与种植结构调整生态补偿”资助
【分类号】：X53;F326.1

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