中国山区耕地撂荒程度及空间分布——基于全国山区抽样调查结果

发布时间：2018-12-15 21:14

【摘要】：耕地撂荒是当前全球山区主要的土地利用变化现象,它深刻地改变了山区农村土地利用结构、农业景观和农户生计,并带来了巨大的生态环境和社会经济效应。2000年以来,随着中国劳动力成本的快速上升和农村劳动力的大量析出,中国山区农业因地形限制,机械化发展受阻,耕地面临着较大的撂荒风险。越来越多的案例研究和报道表明中国山区耕地撂荒现象越演越烈。中国山区面积广、坡耕地比重大,耕地撂荒不仅关系到山区农地的合理利用政策和山区可持续发展政策的制定,并可能引起粮食安全问题,但目前仍缺少全国层面的定量化评估研究。因此,本研究通过开展大范围的抽样调查对中国山区县撂荒规模进行了推算,以期为相关政策制定以及耕地边际化进一步研究提供参考。研究结果表明,在235个调查村庄中,78.3%的村庄出现耕地撂荒现象;基于县样本统计的2014-2015年全国山区县耕地撂荒率为14.32%;山区耕地撂荒率在省级尺度上呈现出南高北低的空间格局,其中,长江流域一带的山区耕地撂荒率最高,东北的长白山区最低。
[Abstract]:Abandonment of cultivated land is the main phenomenon of land use change in the global mountain area at present. It has profoundly changed the structure of rural land use, agricultural landscape and the livelihood of farmers in mountainous areas, and has brought enormous ecological environment and social and economic effects. With the rapid rise of labor cost and the precipitation of rural labor force in China, agriculture in mountainous areas in China has been hindered by topography and mechanization, and arable land is facing a great risk of abandonment. More and more case studies and reports show that cultivated land abandonment in mountainous areas of China is becoming more and more serious. China has a large mountainous area and a large proportion of sloping farmland. The abandoned cultivated land is not only related to the rational use of agricultural land in mountainous areas and the formulation of sustainable development policy in mountainous areas, but also may cause food security problems. However, there is still a lack of quantitative evaluation research at the national level. Therefore, this study carried out a large-scale sampling survey to estimate the abandoned scale of mountain counties in China, in order to provide a reference for the relevant policy formulation and the further study of arable land marginalization. The results showed that 78.3% of the 235 surveyed villages had cultivated land abandoned, and the rate of cultivated land abandoned in the whole country was 14.32 in 2014-2015, which was based on county sample statistics. The abandoned rate of cultivated land in mountainous areas shows a spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north on the provincial scale. Among them, the abandoned rate of cultivated land in the mountainous areas in the Yangtze River valley is the highest, and in the Changbai Mountains in the Northeast is the lowest.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室;中国科学院大学;广州地理研究所;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2015CB452706) 国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(41161140352)
【分类号】：F323.211

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