兰州市城区建设用地开发强度与环境效应研究

发布时间：2018-12-26 16:48

【摘要】：城市建设用地开发强度增长是一个城市横向上建设用地面积和纵向上建设空间都不断得到开发利用的过程。在这个过程中,城市人口密度越来越大、经济发展速度不断攀升,但同时生态环境问题也不断凸显,因此,如何实现建设用地开发利用与生态环境协调发展将成为研究的重点。目前学术界从土地开发强度着手分析了其对生态环境的影响,主要研究了不同区域、不同开发强度水平下二者关系的差异,以及二者之间耦合关系的变化,但是从建设用地开发强度视角切入分析其各衡量指标对生态环境的影响差异,以及对于兰州市这样一个工业化城市其建设用地开发强度与生态环境效应有何特征却鲜有研究。在这样的背景下,本文通过分析兰州市建设用地开发强度与生态环境效应之间的关系,找出兰州市生态环境恶化的原因,并依此提出改善其生态环境的对策与建议。本文在对城市建设用地开发强度与生态环境的文献综述、作用机理和影响方面分析的基础上分析了兰州市生态环境现状,以兰州市2000-2015年的数据为样本,运用PLS-结构方程模型,定量研究了建设用地开发强度与生态环境效应的关系:首先,构建建设用地开发强度和生态环境效应指标体系,制定生态环境效应分类标准,提出研究假设;其次,运用PLS-结构方程模型研究建设用地开发强度各衡量指标对生态环境作用程度的差异;再次,在对生态环境效应分类的基础上,运用PLS-结构方程模型分别测算出兰州、银川、名古屋的建设用地开发强度、长期可持续性污染、短期污染的综合指数以及它们之间的路径系数,并分别与银川、名古屋对比,从而对兰州市进行评价并总结问题;最后,根据存在的问题,提出对策与建议。主要研究结论:(1)城市建设用地开发强度与生态环境效应显著正相关,但建设用地开发强度各衡量指标对生态环境效应的影响程度存在差异。总的来说,建设用地开发广度对生态环境的影响大于建设用地开发深度;其中建设用地开发广度各衡量指标对生态环境效应的影响差异显著,工业用地对生态环境影响最大,居住用地次之,交通设施用地最小,建设用地开发深度各衡量指标对生态环境效应的影响差异不显著。(2)兰州市建设用地开发强度的生态环境效应主要为长期可持续性污染,在不采有效措施的情况下,建设用地开发强度变化对生态环境效应的边际影响不断减小,但生态环境效应恶化程度不断加强,所以兰州市一方面要控制城区的开发强度,加快兰州新区的建设和发展,从而将兰州市城区建设用地的开发强度控制在土地承载力和生态承载力极限阈值之内;另一方面要从优化城市布局和加强环境污染控制两个方面改善生态环境。(3)城市建设用地开发强度对生态环境的边际影响呈先递减后急剧增加的规律。
[Abstract]:The development intensity of urban construction land is a process in which both the horizontal construction land area and the vertical construction space are continuously developed and utilized in a city. In this process, the urban population density is increasing, the economic development speed is rising, but at the same time the ecological environment problem is also constantly prominent. Therefore, how to realize the harmonious development of construction land development and ecological environment will become the focus of research. At present, the impact of land exploitation intensity on ecological environment is analyzed in academic circles. The difference of the relationship between the two and the change of coupling relationship between them are mainly studied in different regions and different development intensity levels. However, from the perspective of the intensity of construction land development, there are few studies on the impact of each measure index on the ecological environment, and on the characteristics of the intensity of construction land development and the ecological environment effect in an industrialized city like Lanzhou. Under this background, this paper analyzes the relationship between the development intensity of construction land and the ecological environment effect in Lanzhou City, finds out the causes of ecological environment deterioration in Lanzhou City, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the ecological environment in Lanzhou City. Based on the literature review on the intensity of urban construction land development and the analysis of ecological environment, the paper analyzes the current situation of ecological environment in Lanzhou City, taking the data of Lanzhou City from 2000 to 2015 as a sample. Using the PLS- structural equation model, the relationship between the development intensity of construction land and the ecological environment effect is studied quantitatively. Firstly, the index system of the development intensity and the ecological environment effect of the construction land is constructed, and the classification standard of the ecological environment effect is established. Put forward the research hypothesis; Secondly, the PLS- structural equation model is used to study the difference of each measure index of the intensity of construction land development to the ecological environment. Thirdly, on the basis of classification of eco-environmental effects, using PLS- structural equation model to calculate the intensity and long-term sustainable pollution of construction land in Lanzhou, Yinchuan and Nagoya, respectively. The comprehensive index of short-term pollution and the path coefficient between them are compared with Yinchuan and Nagoya respectively so as to evaluate and summarize the problems of Lanzhou. Finally, according to the existing problems, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the intensity of urban construction land development is positively correlated with the eco-environmental effect, but the degree of influence of the intensity of construction land development on the eco-environmental effect is different. In general, the breadth of construction land development has a greater impact on ecological environment than the depth of construction land development. Among them, the impact of construction land development breadth on ecological and environmental effects is significant, industrial land has the greatest impact on ecological environment, residential land is the second, and traffic facilities land is the smallest. There is no significant difference in the effect of construction land development depth on ecological environment effect. (2) the eco-environmental effect of construction land development intensity in Lanzhou is mainly long-term sustainable pollution, without effective measures, The marginal influence of the intensity change of construction land development on the ecological environment effect is decreasing, but the deterioration degree of the ecological environment effect is continuously strengthened. Therefore, on the one hand, Lanzhou should control the development intensity of the urban area and speed up the construction and development of the new district in Lanzhou. Therefore, the development intensity of urban construction land in Lanzhou City is controlled within the limit threshold of land carrying capacity and ecological carrying capacity. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the ecological environment from the aspects of optimizing the urban layout and strengthening the environmental pollution control. (3) the marginal influence of the development intensity of urban construction land on the ecological environment is decreasing first and then increasing sharply.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

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