双重约束下的农户生产投入结构调整行为研究

发布时间：2019-04-03 12:07

【摘要】：本文在我国农业生产面临劳动力工资上涨冲击的背景下,从耕地地形条件约束下的机械-劳动要素替代难度视角出发,系统剖析劳动力工资上涨和要素替代难度对农户生产投入和结构(包括机械投入、种植结构和劳动力就业结构)调整的影响。研究表明,劳动力工资上涨不仅促使农户直接以机械投入替代劳动,而且会努力调整耕地和劳动力配置结构来缓解劳动工资上涨冲击的压力。工资上涨促使农户相对更多种植易于机械化的粮食作物,也会促使劳动力更多转向非农产业。但是,劳动力工资上涨对农户这种生产投入结构调整的影响程度会受到耕地地形条件约束下的机械-劳动替代难度的影响。劳动力工资上涨增加机械投入和提高粮食种植比例的作用在坡耕地比例较高地区都会被削弱。因此,促进农户结构调整、缓解劳动力工资上涨对农业成本和竞争力的冲击,不仅需要关注农户结构调整行为本身,而且需要密切关注要素替代和结构调整实现条件的改善。
[Abstract]:Under the background that agricultural production in our country faces the impact of rising labor wage, this paper starts from the angle of difficulty of mechanical-labor factor substitution under the constraints of arable land topography. The effects of labor wage increase and factor substitution difficulty on the adjustment of farmers' production input and structure (including mechanical input, planting structure and labor force employment structure) are systematically analyzed. The research shows that the increase of labor wage not only causes farmers to directly replace labor with mechanical input, but also tries hard to adjust the structure of farmland and labor allocation to alleviate the pressure of labor wage increase. Higher wages have prompted farmers to grow relatively more food crops that are easier to mechanise, and more labor to non-agricultural industries. However, the impact of labor wage increase on the adjustment of the input structure of farmers will be affected by the difficulty of mechanical-labor substitution under the constraints of cultivated land topography. Higher labor wages increase mechanical inputs and increase the proportion of grain cultivation in areas with higher sloping farmland. Therefore, to promote farmers' structural adjustment and alleviate the impact of rising labor wages on agricultural costs and competitiveness, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the behavior of peasant households' structural adjustment itself, but also to pay close attention to the improvement of factors substitution and the improvement of the conditions for the realization of structural adjustment.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学经济学院;南京农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(编号:14ZDA038) 国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71573133、71603053和71361140370) “中国农业科学院科技创新工程”项目(编号:ASTIP-IAED-2015-03) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(编号:PAPD) 福建农林大学杰出青年科研人才计划资助项目(编号:xjq201734) 南京农业大学“中国粮食安全研究中心” 江苏省高校现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心的资助
【分类号】：F323.8

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