农机农艺融合的影响因素分析及推进策略研究

发布时间：2019-06-17 09:34

【摘要】：自2004年农机化促进法颁布以来,在农机购置补贴等一系列扶持政策的推动下,我国农业机械化得到快速发展,2014年底我国农作物耕种收综合机械化水平达到61%,农业生产方式已经实现从主要依靠人畜力到依靠机械化作业的历史性转变。不过,农机化发展仍然存在诸多薄弱环节,如浙江省2014年水稻机械化栽植率只有24.2%,油菜机收水平仅为10.35%,同时农业主导产业和设施农业的许多关键环节的机械化还处于起步阶段。导致上述薄弱环节机械化发展较慢的原因诸多,其中农机农艺结合不够紧密是一个重要因素。国内外大量实践表明,实现农机农艺的融合,对加快农机化发展具有重要作用,农机农艺融合是一项系统工程,涉及到技术、管理和机制等多个方面因素。为此,本文以浙江省为例,运用文献分析、调查研究、试验对比等方法对影响农机农艺融合的相关因素进行了系统分析,并提出了推进二者融合的政策建议和主要措施。具体内容如下：(1)在分析浙江省农机农艺融合现状的基础上,从工作思路与目标、主要工作内容、农机农艺融合评价等几个方面提出了农机农艺融合工作的总体要求,并构建了以农业机械应用为基础、农机农艺和互适应为保障、经济效益为核心的农机农艺融合水平综合评价方法。(2)为顺应推进农机农艺融合的需要,根据浙江省农业生产实际和农业机械化发展现状与趋势,分别提出了农业机械化发展的技术路线、农业机械化生产的技术路线和农业机械化生产的组织路线,以确保既能通过发展农业机械化提高农业综合生产力水平,又能充分有效利用农业劳动力资源。(3)结合浙汀省粮油作物农机农艺融合的发展现状和实施成效,从品种选择、机械育秧、机械种植、作业标准制定等方面对影响水稻、油菜生产过程中农机农艺融合与融合效果进行了系统分析,并指出了农机农艺融合存在的难点和困难,同时也从工作实践中进一步说明农机农艺融合不仅仅是技术问题,也是管理和机制问题。(4)为加快浙江省农机农艺融合的进程,强化经验宣传,树立推进农机农艺融合的理念；进一步加大资金投入、政策扶持的力度；加快研发关键环节农机化技术及装备；加强各部门的统筹协调；实施项目推进工程,建设农机农艺融合示范基地；大力开展农机农艺知识和技术培训,推广普及农机农艺融合技术；加强农机公共服务体系建设,提升农机社会化服务水平等是目前推进农机农艺融合应采取的主要政策与措施。
[Abstract]:Since the promulgation of the Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law in 2004, under the promotion of a series of supporting policies, such as agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, agricultural mechanization has been developed rapidly in China. At the end of 2014, the level of comprehensive mechanization of crop cultivation and harvest in China reached 61%. The agricultural production mode has realized the historical transformation from relying mainly on human and animal power to relying on mechanized operation. However, there are still many weak links in the development of agricultural mechanization, such as the mechanization planting rate of rice in Zhejiang Province in 2014 is only 24.2%, and the harvest level of rapeseed machine is only 10.35%. At the same time, the mechanization of many key links in agricultural leading industries and facilities agriculture is still in its infancy. There are many reasons for the slow development of mechanization of the above weak links, among which the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy is not close enough is an important factor. A large number of practices at home and abroad show that the realization of the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomics plays an important role in speeding up the development of agricultural mechanization. The integration of agricultural machinery and agriculture is a systematic project, involving many factors, such as technology, management and mechanism. Therefore, taking Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the related factors affecting the agronomical fusion of agricultural machinery by means of literature analysis, investigation and research, and experimental comparison, and puts forward some policy suggestions and main measures to promote the integration of the two. The main contents are as follows: (1) on the basis of analyzing the present situation of agricultural machinery and agronomical fusion in Zhejiang Province, the overall requirements of agricultural machinery and agronomical fusion work are put forward from the aspects of working ideas and objectives, main work contents and evaluation of agronomical fusion, and the agricultural machinery agronomics and mutual adaptation are guaranteed on the basis of the application of agricultural machinery. The comprehensive evaluation method of agricultural machinery and agronomical fusion level with economic benefit as the core. (2) in order to meet the needs of promoting agricultural machinery and agronomical fusion, according to the actual situation and trend of agricultural production and agricultural mechanization development in Zhejiang Province, the technical route of agricultural mechanization development, the technical route of agricultural mechanization production and the organization route of agricultural mechanization production are put forward respectively. In order to ensure that we can not only improve the level of agricultural comprehensive productivity through the development of agricultural mechanization, but also make full and effective use of agricultural labor resources. (3) combined with the development status and implementation effect of agronomical integration of grain and oil crops in Zhejiang Province, the effects of agronomical fusion and fusion in the process of rice and rapeseed production were systematically analyzed from the aspects of variety selection, mechanical seedling raising, mechanical planting and the formulation of operating standards. It also points out the difficulties and difficulties existing in the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. at the same time, it is further explained from the working practice that the integration of agricultural machinery and agriculture is not only a technical problem, but also a problem of management and mechanism. (4) in order to speed up the process of agricultural integration of agricultural machinery in Zhejiang Province, strengthen the propaganda of experience and establish the concept of promoting the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy; Further increase the intensity of capital investment and policy support; speed up the research and development of key links of agricultural mechanization technology and equipment; strengthen the overall coordination of various departments; implement the project to promote the project and build a demonstration base for the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomics; vigorously carry out the training of agronomical knowledge and technology of agricultural machinery; popularize and popularize the technology of agronomical and agronomical integration; Strengthening the construction of agricultural machinery public service system and improving the socialized service level of agricultural machinery are the main policies and measures to promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy at present.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3

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