济宁市新农村建设问题思考与对策

发布时间：2019-06-30 23:00

【摘要】：改革开放38年来,中国城镇化建设取得巨大成果,直接推动了我国社会主义现代化建设进程,广大城市人口的生活水平不断提高。虽然农民的收入也在增长,但受限于城乡二元体制分割,农民收入增长速度远低于城市居民收入。即使在农村,城乡结合部的农村凭借天然的区位优势,做大做强集体经济,也分得了城市扩张的红利。城乡结合部以外的农村因为没有地缘优势,依然以农业生产为主,村民生活水平难以提高,与城市及城乡结合部各项差距越拉越大。进行新农村建设,既有利于提高农民收入及生活水平,又有利于有利于扩大国内需求、减轻新常态下经济发展阵痛。占人口大多数的广大农村居民如何进行新农村建设,与城市一道共享发展成果,成为摆在面前的现实问题。论文以山东省济宁市为例,首先介绍了“社会主义新农村”的相关概念,重点阐述新农村建设“新”在何处。结合历史背景和研究意义,提出了加快济宁市新农村建设的重要性。其次对国内新农村建设成功典型和日本、韩国、荷兰、法国四个资本主义现代化国家发展农业的背景、措施进行归纳总结,在与济宁市实际情况相结合的基础上对比分析,总结出上述国家成功经验对济宁市建设新农村的启示和价值。再次,虽然近五年济宁市新农村建设取得一定成绩,但不能掩饰当前存在的区域村镇规划水平低、规划指导调控作用不明显;现代农业发展滞后,缺乏龙头企业,示范带动力不足;资金投入不足,金融体系落后;经济规模小,人均指标偏低;保障体系不健全;农业人才缺乏、受教育水平低、人才外流现象严重;基层党组织示范带头作用不足等六个方面的问题。最后,结合发达国家成功经验对济宁市建设新农村的启示,根据国内外先进地区国家农村建设经验,结合济宁实际,提出规划优先、兼顾公平、多元投入、保护环境四项新农村建设原则。对应上述六个方面问题,提出以规划的科学化,引领新农村建设;消除无效供给,增加有效供给;以项目的现代化构建新农村建设的支撑;发挥资金导向作用,整合金融机构,创新搭建农村金融平台;加大教育培训、培育新型农民;充分发挥基层党组织的示范带头作用和战斗堡垒作用等六条对策,以期能为济宁市新农村建设提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the past 38 years of reform and opening up, great achievements have been made in the construction of urbanization in China, which has directly promoted the process of socialist modernization in China, and the living standards of the vast urban population have been continuously improved. Although the income of farmers is also growing, it is limited by the division of urban-rural dual system, and the growth rate of farmers' income is much lower than that of urban residents. Even in rural areas, the rural areas of urban and rural areas rely on natural location advantages to expand and strengthen the collective economy, but also receive the dividend of urban expansion. Because of the lack of geographical advantages, the rural areas outside the urban and rural areas are still dominated by agricultural production, and the living standards of the villagers are difficult to improve, and the gap with the cities and urban-rural areas is widening. The construction of new countryside is not only conducive to improving farmers' income and living standards, but also conducive to expanding domestic demand and alleviating the pain of economic development under the new normal. How to build a new countryside and share the results of development with the cities has become a practical problem in front of the majority of the population. Taking Jining City, Shandong Province as an example, this paper first introduces the related concepts of "new socialist countryside", and focuses on where the "new" construction of new countryside is. Combined with the historical background and research significance, this paper puts forward the importance of speeding up the construction of new countryside in Jining City. Secondly, it summarizes the successful model of new rural construction in China and the background and measures of agricultural development in four capitalist modern countries: Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands and France. On the basis of comparative analysis with the actual situation of Jining City, this paper sums up the enlightenment and value of the successful experience of the above countries to the construction of new countryside in Jining City. Thirdly, although some achievements have been made in the construction of new countryside in Jining City in the past five years, it can not be disguised that the current level of regional village and town planning is low, and the role of planning guidance and regulation is not obvious; the development of modern agriculture lags behind, the lack of leading enterprises, the lack of demonstration power, the insufficient investment of funds, the backwardness of the financial system, the small economic scale, the low per capita index, and the imperfect security system. There are six problems, such as the shortage of agricultural talents, the low level of education, the serious brain drain, and the insufficient demonstration and leading role of grass-roots party organizations. Finally, combined with the enlightenment of the successful experience of developed countries to the construction of new countryside in Jining City, according to the experience of rural construction in advanced areas at home and abroad, combined with the reality of Jining, this paper puts forward four principles of new rural construction: planning priority, taking into account fairness, pluralistic investment and environmental protection. Corresponding to the above six problems, this paper puts forward that the scientific planning can lead the new rural construction; eliminate the invalid supply and increase the effective supply; construct the support of the new rural construction with the modernization of the project; give full play to the role of capital guidance, integrate financial institutions, innovate and build the rural financial platform; increase education and training to cultivate new farmers; In order to provide reference for the construction of new countryside in Jining City, six countermeasures, such as the demonstration leading role and the fighting fortress role of grass-roots party organizations, can be brought into full play in order to provide reference for the construction of new countryside in Jining City.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D422.6;F327

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