美国家庭农场研究
发布时间：2019-07-02 18:46
【摘要】：农业是国民经济的基础。美国是当今世界上农业最发达的国家，不仅农产品种类多，产量大，而且也是农产品出口最多的国家。美国农业之所以成功，除了有其得天独厚的农业资源因素，但更与其经历百年的历史演化和激烈的市场竞争所形成的农业的组织结构和经营机制有关。而家庭农场作为美国农业重要的经营组织形式，为美国农业的发展，并且成为全球粮食生产和出口大国做出了巨大的贡献。 我国改革开放三十多年来，农业发展迅速，取得了举世瞩目的成绩，但如今，随着农村生产力的发展，目前已有的农业生产经营模式逐渐无法适应现代化、国际化农业发展的需要。需要进一步探求适合现代农业发展的我国农业企业制度。本文通过对美国家庭农场的经营发展及面临的问题的研究分析，总结其农业发展的成功经验，并针对我国的农村实际，对我国农业发展提供相关的建议。 本文一共分为六章。 第一章是绪论部分，介绍了选题背景和研究意义、文献综述和论文框架部分。 第二章是美国家庭农场的一般分析，分别从概念、分类和历史及发展现状三个方面向读者简要介绍了家庭农场的基本概念。家庭农场是美国农业的重要的经营组织形式，通过对于历史及发展现状的分析，更加清楚地了解美国家庭农场。 第三章美国家庭农场的组织形式、经营模式及特点。本章介绍了家庭农场的分类，家庭农场的经营形式以及发展趋势，分别阐述了家庭农场科技化与机械化、农产品商品化以及重视环境资源保护的特点。 第四章是促进美国家庭农场发展的有利条件。美国土地辽阔，土壤肥沃，是美国家庭农场发展的最基础的条件。美国土地和相关的农业政策对家庭农场发展也起到了决定性的作用。与此同时，美国农业的发展和现如今高度现代化发展有着密切的联系。应运而生的各种社会化服务体系对于家庭农场的发展起到了推动的作用。 第五章美国家庭农场经营绩效、面临的问题及发展趋势，美国农业是高度发达的，无论是在国民经济中或者是世界上，都有着重要的地位。在美国家庭农场200多年的发展历史过程中，美国农场家庭的全国家庭的平均收入水平已经远远低于美国农场家庭的平均收入，这表明美国的家庭农场对整个农业，，及对国家整体经济的贡献。它不仅增加了农业产量，提高农民的收入，也带动相关产业发展。在发展过程中也面临了财务压力，经营者老龄化和妇女化以及市场不稳定的多方面的问题。本章也简要分析了家庭农场必然的发展趋势。 第六章针对中美家庭农场的发展问题进行了比较分析，首先介绍了中国家庭农场所面临亟待解决的问题，分析了我国在金融政策、土地政策、社会化服务体系和农民整体教育水平的基础上，得出一些结论，就是一是我国需要实行土地制度的改革，发展规模经营；二要改革创新农业的经济组织形式，提高组织的生产效率；三要充分照顾重视农户的主体地位和农业合作经济组织的发展。与此同时，将加强农民教育，培养农民精英作为保障和支撑条件；其次要有效转变政府职能，加强深化政府的服务作用。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. The United States is the most developed country in the world today, not only has many agricultural products, large output, but also the most export country of agricultural products. The success of American agriculture, in addition to its unique agricultural resource factors, is more relevant to the organization structure and operation mechanism of the agriculture formed by the historical evolution and the fierce market competition. The family farm, as an important agricultural organization in the United States, has made great contributions to the development of American agriculture, and has made a great contribution to the global food production and export countries. Since the reform and opening-up of our country for more than 30 years, the agricultural development has been developing rapidly, and the world-wide achievements have been achieved, but now, with the development of the rural productivity, the existing agricultural production and operation model has gradually been unable to meet the needs of the modernization and the international agricultural development It is necessary to further explore the agricultural enterprise system in China, which is suitable for the development of modern agriculture. Based on the research and analysis of the development and problems of the American family farm, this paper summarizes the successful experience of the agricultural development, and provides the relevant construction for China's agricultural development in the light of the rural reality of our country. This paper is divided into two parts. The first chapter is the introduction section. The background and significance of the topic selection, the literature review and the theory are introduced. The second chapter is the general analysis of American family farm, and introduces the family from three aspects: concept, classification, history and development. The basic concept of the farm. The family farm is an important form of the management organization of the American agriculture, and through the analysis of the present situation of history and development, it is more clear American family farm. Chapter 3. The organization of American family farms. In this chapter, the classification of family farm, the form of the family farm and the development trend are introduced in this chapter. The technology and mechanization of the family farm, the commercialization of the agricultural products and the importance are expounded. The fourth chapter is to promote the protection of environmental resources. The favorable conditions for the development of the family farm. The land of the United States is vast, the soil is fertile, it is the American family The most basic condition for farm development. U.S. land and related agricultural policies are being sent to the family farm The show has also played a decisive role. At the same time, the development of American agriculture and the current high The development of the generation has a close relationship with the development of the family. The various socialized service systems have come into being for the family farm. The development of American family farm has played an important role in the development of American agriculture, which is highly developed, whether in the national economy or in the national economy. In the history of the more than 200 years of development in the American family farm, the average income of the family in the United States has fallen far below the average income of the U.S. farm family, which suggests that the American family farm is a whole for the entire farm It not only increases the agricultural output, but also improves the farmers' contribution to the whole economy. The income of the business also drives the development of the related industries. In the course of development, the financial pressure, the aging of the operator and the transformation of the women are also faced. There are many problems in the instability of the market. This chapter also provides a brief summary. The paper analyses the development trend of the family farm. The sixth chapter makes a comparative analysis of the development of the family farm in China and the United States. The paper first introduces the problems to be solved in China's family farm, and analyzes the financial policy, land policy and social service of our country. On the basis of the system and the overall education level of the farmers, some conclusions are drawn: first, we need to carry out the reform of the land system and develop the scale management; the second is to reform the form of the economic organization of the innovation agriculture, to improve the production efficiency of the organization; and to take full care of the farmer's main At the same time, it will strengthen the farmer's education and train the farmers' elite as the guarantee and support condition, and then to transform the government effectively
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F371.2;F324.1
本文编号：2509147
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. The United States is the most developed country in the world today, not only has many agricultural products, large output, but also the most export country of agricultural products. The success of American agriculture, in addition to its unique agricultural resource factors, is more relevant to the organization structure and operation mechanism of the agriculture formed by the historical evolution and the fierce market competition. The family farm, as an important agricultural organization in the United States, has made great contributions to the development of American agriculture, and has made a great contribution to the global food production and export countries. Since the reform and opening-up of our country for more than 30 years, the agricultural development has been developing rapidly, and the world-wide achievements have been achieved, but now, with the development of the rural productivity, the existing agricultural production and operation model has gradually been unable to meet the needs of the modernization and the international agricultural development It is necessary to further explore the agricultural enterprise system in China, which is suitable for the development of modern agriculture. Based on the research and analysis of the development and problems of the American family farm, this paper summarizes the successful experience of the agricultural development, and provides the relevant construction for China's agricultural development in the light of the rural reality of our country. This paper is divided into two parts. The first chapter is the introduction section. The background and significance of the topic selection, the literature review and the theory are introduced. The second chapter is the general analysis of American family farm, and introduces the family from three aspects: concept, classification, history and development. The basic concept of the farm. The family farm is an important form of the management organization of the American agriculture, and through the analysis of the present situation of history and development, it is more clear American family farm. Chapter 3. The organization of American family farms. In this chapter, the classification of family farm, the form of the family farm and the development trend are introduced in this chapter. The technology and mechanization of the family farm, the commercialization of the agricultural products and the importance are expounded. The fourth chapter is to promote the protection of environmental resources. The favorable conditions for the development of the family farm. The land of the United States is vast, the soil is fertile, it is the American family The most basic condition for farm development. U.S. land and related agricultural policies are being sent to the family farm The show has also played a decisive role. At the same time, the development of American agriculture and the current high The development of the generation has a close relationship with the development of the family. The various socialized service systems have come into being for the family farm. The development of American family farm has played an important role in the development of American agriculture, which is highly developed, whether in the national economy or in the national economy. In the history of the more than 200 years of development in the American family farm, the average income of the family in the United States has fallen far below the average income of the U.S. farm family, which suggests that the American family farm is a whole for the entire farm It not only increases the agricultural output, but also improves the farmers' contribution to the whole economy. The income of the business also drives the development of the related industries. In the course of development, the financial pressure, the aging of the operator and the transformation of the women are also faced. There are many problems in the instability of the market. This chapter also provides a brief summary. The paper analyses the development trend of the family farm. The sixth chapter makes a comparative analysis of the development of the family farm in China and the United States. The paper first introduces the problems to be solved in China's family farm, and analyzes the financial policy, land policy and social service of our country. On the basis of the system and the overall education level of the farmers, some conclusions are drawn: first, we need to carry out the reform of the land system and develop the scale management; the second is to reform the form of the economic organization of the innovation agriculture, to improve the production efficiency of the organization; and to take full care of the farmer's main At the same time, it will strengthen the farmer's education and train the farmers' elite as the guarantee and support condition, and then to transform the government effectively
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F371.2;F324.1
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