地方普通本科院校应用型人才培养研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 09:29

本文关键词：地方普通本科院校应用型人才培养研究　出处：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地方本科院校培养应用型人才是国家现阶段教育改革和发展的重点,受国家的高度重视,建设制造强国的根本在于建设一批高质量的技术技能人才作为支撑,现有的职业教育难以满足社会所需,因此发展和培养本科层次的应用型人才成为了新的重点。培养本科层次的应用型人才有着重要的现实与理论意义。普通本科院校培养应用型人才的内涵解析,从经济建设上是在经济结构性转型升级和建设制造强国的需要,从教育体系上是构建现代职业教育体系完善人才培养机制的需要,从人才培养上是创新高校发展方式优化技术人才结构的需要,从市场需求上是服务高端市场发展支撑经济结构转型的需要,应用型人才的核心是“用”,本质是“学以致用”,用所学服务社会,特别是区域经济的发展。应用型人才具体来讲是指在属性上具有应用能力的学术性工程型人才,以专业知识服务于经济建设,是素质、知识、技能和工程能力的全面培养与发展,以高等性和应用性为基本特征的高质量人才。其中素质是基础,知识是保证,高技能是本质,工程能力是特征。紧抓普通本科院校应用型人才培养的基本,突出特色。本文用比较研究法,分析总结德国的应用科技大学、英国的多科技术学院、日本的技术科学大学发展的独到之处与共同之处,其共同之处包括明确的办学定位、积极创新人才培养模式、服务区域经济发展,并且加强国际化交流,这些相同因素对应用型人才培养都有着重要的影响,值得去借鉴。普通本科院校培养应用型人才的发展不能一蹴而就,既要借鉴国外的先进经验,也要认清国内发展的现状,直面困境才能有所突破。建设应用型本科仍然存在着巨大的挑战,其中主要包括传统思想观念转变不顺畅,专业设置和课程内容缺乏合理性,师资队伍不健全,实践教学认识不深刻,管理体制落后,社会资源参与不顺,这些发展障碍导致普通本科高校在培养应用型人才的过程中存在着很大的挑战。同时院校的现代化、国际化发展还远远不够,终身发展理念相对滞后。培养应用型人才既要立足自身的发展现状和发展环境,同时借鉴国外的发展经验进行勇敢改革和积极建设。具体的建设措施包括:从宏观层面政府加强顶层设计和加大宣传营造氛围,并坚持内涵发展,创新人才培养模式,针对普通本科院校应用型人才培养的短板有针对性的进行改进,并且在坚持走信息化、国家化和终身发展的道路,在此基础上积极为应用型人才培养献计献策。建立建成应用型本科院校是系统性的工程,要统筹多方资源、汇聚多方力量,为地方普通本科院校提供发展保障。
[Abstract]:The cultivation of applied talents in local colleges and universities is the focus of the education reform and development at the present stage of our country. The foundation of building a powerful manufacturing country lies in the construction of a number of high-quality technical talents as the support of the country. The existing vocational education is difficult to meet the needs of society. Therefore, the development and cultivation of applied talents at the undergraduate level has become a new focus. The cultivation of applied talents at the undergraduate level has important practical and theoretical significance. In terms of economic construction, it is necessary to upgrade the economic structure and build a powerful manufacturing country. From the educational system, it is necessary to build a modern vocational education system to perfect the talent training mechanism. The cultivation of talents is the need of innovating the development mode of colleges and universities to optimize the structure of technical talents, the need of serving high-end market development to support the transformation of economic structure, and the core of applied talents is "use". The essence is "using learning to serve the society, especially the development of regional economy." the practical talents refer to the academic engineering talents who have the ability to apply in the attribute. Professional knowledge serves the economic construction, it is the all-round cultivation and development of quality, knowledge, skill and engineering ability, and the high quality talents with the basic characteristics of higher quality and application, in which quality is the foundation and knowledge is the guarantee. High skill is the essence and engineering ability is the characteristic. We should pay close attention to the basic training of applied talents in ordinary undergraduate colleges and give prominence to the characteristics. This paper analyzes and summarizes the German University of Applied Science and Technology by using the method of comparative research. The British polytechnic college and the Japanese university of technology are unique and common in their development. The common features include a clear orientation of running a school, a positive innovation of the talent training model, and a service for the development of regional economy. And strengthen international exchanges, these same factors have an important impact on the cultivation of application-oriented talents, it is worth learning. The development of ordinary colleges and universities to cultivate application-oriented talents can not be achieved overnight. It is necessary to learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, but also to recognize the current situation of domestic development, to face the dilemma to break through. There are still great challenges in the construction of applied undergraduate course. Among them mainly includes the traditional idea change is not smooth, the specialty setup and the curriculum content lacks the rationality, the teacher troop is not perfect, the practice teaching understanding is not deep, the management system is backward, the social resources participation is not smooth. These obstacles lead to great challenges in the process of cultivating applied talents in colleges and universities. At the same time, the modernization of colleges and universities, internationalization development is far from enough. The concept of lifelong development is relatively lagging behind. The cultivation of applied talents should be based on their own development situation and development environment. At the same time learn from the development experience of foreign countries to carry out brave reform and positive construction. Specific construction measures include: from the macro level the government to strengthen the top-level design and increase publicity to create an atmosphere and adhere to the connotation of development. Innovative talent training model, aimed at the ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to improve the short board of practical talent training, and adhere to the information, nationalization and lifelong development of the road. On the basis of this, we should actively contribute to the cultivation of applied talents. It is a systematic project to establish and build application-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities. It is necessary to coordinate all kinds of resources and pool all kinds of forces to provide development guarantee for local ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G642

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