面向QoS保障的UWSN拓扑控制算法及水质在线监测系统的研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 10:31

本文关键词：面向QoS保障的UWSN拓扑控制算法及水质在线监测系统的研究　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工业化、区域经济的不断发展和城镇化步伐的加快,水污染问题日益凸显,在无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)的应用背景及技术成熟的基础上,对水下无线传感器网络(Underwater Wireless Sensor Network,UWSN)的研究已成为科学领域研究的热点。UWSN蕴含着巨大的应用价值,其通过随机部署在三维监测域的水下传感器节点完成信息的采集,并通过节点之间的相互协作传输数据。由于水声通信能耗大、传输时延高、环境恶劣、水流移动性、带宽窄等突出问题,针对UWSN相关算法理论研究是一项巨大的挑战。本文针对UWSN的环境特点及问题,从UWSN网络模型出发,研究水声通信的传播特性,然后在网络模型的基础上,提出了适用于水下环境的功率控制算法,更进一步地,针对水下多个优化目标,提出高效节能的水下网络拓扑控制算法,最后搭建应用平台原型,实现水质监测的基本功能。主要工作如下:1.针对水流移动性和水下声波扩散特征等问题,提出面向复杂环境的水下无线传感器网络模型,主要包括MCM(Meandering Current Mobility)节点受限移动模型、端到端时延模型和能耗模型。其中,MCM节点受限移动模型运用海洋动力学、流体力学等理论基础,结合MCM水流模型和节点锚定方式,提出一种符合实际应用的节点移动模型。端到端时延模型综合考虑移动性、声速方程、多径传播及传输成功率等因素,计算多径时延差,研究不同环境因子对端到端时延的影响。能耗模型结合噪声函数和传播损耗函数,可适用于所有水声通信网络。该网络模型综合考虑水下诸多复杂环境因素,适用范围广,为UWSN相关理论研究提供一个良好的仿真环境。2.针对水下声波通信存在的时延大、能耗高以及水流移动性等问题,提出一种基于非合作博弈论的水下移动无线传感器网络功率控制算法(Non-cooperative Game Theory for Power and Rate Control of UMWSN,UM-NGPR)。该算法采用之前提出的面向复杂环境的水下无线传感器网络模型,考虑节点的移动性,以功率控制和传输速率为优化目标,并将优化问题转换为博弈问题,引入信干噪比和传输成功率,给出效用函数,并分别证明功率和传输速率的纳什均衡存在性和唯一性,最终,利用二元牛顿迭代法求得传输功率和传输速率的近似最优解。3.针对现有水下声波网络拓扑控制存在的网络能耗不均匀、时延大、传输成功率低等问题,提出一种基于多个QoS目标的水下无线传感器网络拓扑控制算法(Ordinal Potential Game Theory for Topology Control Algorithm of UWSN,OPG-UTCA)。该算法以覆盖率、连通性、平均能耗、平均端到端时延和平均传输成功率为优化目标,将多目标优化问题映射成博弈问题,构建势博弈模型,证明其是序数势函数及纳什均衡的存在性,并采用二次博弈。首先所有节点参与一次博弈,网络达到纳什均衡状态后,根据效用函数值选择簇头,簇头为簇内效用函数值最大的节点,且簇头通信范围内无其它簇头,从而使簇头在网络中分布均匀。由于所有簇头是互不连通的,因此所有簇头参与二次博弈过程,建立连通关系,牺牲少数簇头节点的能耗以均衡整个网络的能耗。4.以实际应用需求为出发点,设计一个基于水下无线传感器网络的水质多参数在线监测系统。在给出总体方案的设计架构的基础上,主要详细介绍水下传感器节点和浮标节点的软硬件设计,以及基于Android的水质监测手机终端的软件设计。其中,水下传感器节点负责采集水质数据,通过水声换能器将数据传至浮标节点,浮标节点再将接收的数据通过无线射频模块/GPRS模块上传至阿里云服务器并存入数据库。通过水质监测手机终端访问服务器数据库,实现查询实时数据及历史数据。本文将上述的算法进行仿真验证,实验结果证明了本文提出的算法的有效性,与同类算法相比,在网络能耗、端到端时延、传输成功率等方面具有一定的优势。另一方面,本文还对水质监测系统进行物理实验测试,结果显示,水质监测系统能够在水下环境中稳定工作,利用水声换能器传输数据,能满足水质多参数在线监测实际使用要求,具有广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of industrialization, urbanization and regional economy speeding up, the water pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, in wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) of the application background and the basis of mature technology, the underwater wireless sensor network (Underwater Wireless Sensor Network, UWSN) has become a research hotspot in the research field of.UWSN science contains great value, through the random deployment in the three-dimensional monitoring domain of underwater sensor nodes to complete the information collection, and through mutual cooperation between nodes. The data transmission in underwater communication as high energy consumption, high transmission delay, poor environment, water mobility, narrow bandwidth and other problems, according to the study of UWSN the algorithm theory is a huge challenge. According to the environment characteristics and problems of UWSN, starting from the UWSN network model, the propagation characteristics of underwater acoustic communication, then Based on the network model is proposed for power under water environment control algorithm, further, for underwater multi objective optimization algorithm for network topology control, efficient energy saving water, and finally build a prototype application platform, to achieve the basic functions of monitoring water quality. The main work is as follows: 1. according to the diffusion characteristics of sound water mobility and water problems, put forward the complicated environment of underwater wireless sensor network model, including MCM (Meandering Current Mobility) the node mobility model, end-to-end delay model and energy consumption model. Among them, the MCM node mobile model using limited ocean dynamics, based on the theories of fluid mechanics, combined with MCM flow model node and anchor, this essay puts forward a new node mobile model application. The end-to-end delay model considering mobility, velocity equation, multipath propagation and transmission Power and other factors, calculate the multipath delay difference, based on different environmental factors to influence on end end delay. Energy consumption model with noise function and propagation loss function, can be applied to all the network model of underwater acoustic communication network. Considering the underwater environment of many complex factors, wide scope of application, for the relevant theoretical research to provide a UWSN good simulation environment for.2. underwater acoustic communication delay are large, high energy consumption and water mobility and other issues, is proposed based on non cooperative game theory of underwater mobile power control algorithm for wireless sensor network (Non-cooperative Game Theory for Power and Rate Control of UMWSN, UM-NGPR). The algorithm uses the model proposed before the complex environment of underwater wireless sensor network, considering the node mobility, to control the power and transmission rate as the optimization goal, and the optimization problem is converted to Bo Yi, the SINR and transmission success rate, given the utility function, then we prove that the Nash equilibrium power and transmission rate of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal approximation, finally, using two yuan Newton iterative method to obtain the transmission power and transmission rate of.3. solution for existing network topology control of underwater acoustic network does not exist in energy consumption uniform, large delay, transmission success rate is low, a wireless sensor network topology control algorithm of multiple underwater target based on QoS (Ordinal Potential Game Theory for Topology Control Algorithm of UWSN, OPG-UTCA). In this algorithm, coverage, connectivity, average energy consumption and average end-to-end delay and average transmission success rate as the optimization objective, the multi-objective optimization problem is mapped into the game problems, constructing a potential game model, and it is shown that the existence of equilibrium function potentials and Nash number, and the two time game At first all nodes participating in a network game, Nash equilibrium state, according to the utility function value to select the cluster head, cluster head is the maximum utility function in the cluster nodes and cluster head communication range without other cluster head, so that the cluster heads are uniformly distributed in the network. Because all cluster heads are not mutually connected, so all cluster heads to participate in a two game process, establish connectivity, energy consumption of.4. energy consumption expense of a small number of cluster head nodes to balance the whole network to the actual application requirements as the starting point, the design of a water quality in underwater wireless sensor networks based on multi parameter online monitoring system. Based on the design of architecture scheme on the buoy sensor nodes and node hardware and software design mainly introduces the water, water quality monitoring and the software design of mobile phone terminal based on Android. The underwater sensor node is responsible for collecting water quality data And through the acoustic transducer data to buoy nodes, the buoy nodes receive data through the wireless RF module /GPRS module uploaded to Ali cloud server and stored in the database. Water quality monitoring by mobile phone terminal to access the server database query data, real-time data and history. This paper will verify the above algorithm, the experimental results proved effective of the proposed algorithm, compared with other algorithms, the network energy consumption, end-to-end delay, has certain advantages on transmission success rate. On the other hand, the water quality monitoring system for physical experiment test results show that the water quality monitoring system can work stably in the underwater environment, the use of transmission data of underwater acoustic transducer, can meet the requirements of actual use of multi parameter water quality on-line monitoring, and has broad application prospects.

【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.3;TP274

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