宋代“富民”阶层研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 02:03

本文关键词：宋代“富民”阶层研究　出处：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“富民”阶层是在唐宋之际开始崛起,并发展起来。在宋代由于商品经济发展迅速以及国家政策的调整,富民作为一个阶层稳定下来,他们不仅在乡村教育、农田水利和赈济灾民中发挥着巨大作用,同时对乡村经济的发展以及基层伦理道德建设也有突出贡献。但由于他们是占有大量财富的民,与国家必然存在着利益冲突,国家在利用他们手中财富维护社会治安的同时,又对他们的财产进行着侵夺,富民在这个过程中与国家关系很复杂,因为他们既需要国家来维护自身经济利益,又要抵抗国家对他们财富的侵夺。本文旨在对宋代“富民”阶层与国家之间的关系进行全面且系统的阐释,文章共分为五部分。第一部分为引言,首先论述当前学术界对“富民”阶层的研究现状。其次是文章的选题意义,即“富民”阶层对乡村的治理有着重要作用,研究他们可以使我们更好地联系社会现实。最后,从整体上对“富民”阶层进行界定,指出由于区域经济发展不平衡,在其界定时不能一概而论。第二部主要论述“富民”阶层在宋代发展的原因,由于宋代商品经济的发展,财富力量的崛起,以及重本抑末思想的转变,都促进了“富民”阶层发展。第三部分主要论述的是“富民”阶层在宋代社会发挥的作用,他们在促进乡村教育、农田水利发展的同时,对地方的赈济以及乡村基层伦理道德建设做出了巨大的贡献,保障了基层社会的安定。但借贷经济对乡村的发展却有双重影响,它一方面保证了乡村经济的再生产,另一方面由于部分富民向贫民收取高额的利息,对其生活造成消极的影响。第四部分重点论述“富民”阶层与政府的关系,富民与各级政府之间有经济冲突也有利益合作。一方面,国家向富民征收大量的赋税,且在制定政策的过程中也会损害富民的经济利益。另一方面,国家通过富民有效地治理乡村,因此士大夫们希望国家能够保障富民的利益。同时文章也论述了富民与地方乡官及乡村胥吏之间的关系。第五部分,简单论述了“富民”阶层在后世的发展情况。第六部分是对文章整体进行总结,认为富民阶层在宋代有着重大影响。首先,论述了富民阶层在与各阶层交往中存在双重性。其次,总体论述了富民对宋代社会所造成的影响。最后,从富民与国家的关系出发,论述了富民在与国家的较量中能保持其地位,主要是由于“富民”阶层的流动性以及国家政策的不断调整。富民与国家之间存在着矛盾,作为富民而言,没有地位和特权,但他们可以依靠财富来为自己创造条件,恰好财富是统治者所需要的,因此两者在博弈的过程中,各取所需。但富民在这个过程中处于劣势,国家可以利用特权对其剥削和压迫。无论如何,在宋代富民阶层作为社会的中间层,是不可忽视的存在,对社会生活的方方面面都有着重要的影响。
[Abstract]:During the Song Dynasty, because of the rapid development of commodity economy and the adjustment of national policy, the rich people as a stratum stabilized, they not only in rural education. Irrigation and water conservancy and relief in the disaster victims play a great role in the development of rural economy and the construction of grass-roots ethics but they are people who have a lot of wealth. There must be a conflict of interest with the state. The state uses their wealth to maintain public order, and at the same time invades their property. In this process, the relationship between the rich and the state is very complex. Because they need the country to protect their own economic interests, but also to resist the invasion of their wealth by the state. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive and systematic explanation of the relationship between the "rich people" class and the state in the Song Dynasty. The article is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction. Firstly, it discusses the current research status of the "rich people" stratum in academic circles. Secondly, it is the significance of the selected topic, that is, "rich people" stratum plays an important role in the governance of the countryside. The study of them can make us better contact with the social reality. Finally, we define the class of "rich people" as a whole and point out that the regional economic development is not balanced. The second part mainly discusses the reasons for the development of "rich people" class in the Song Dynasty, because of the development of commodity economy, the rise of wealth power, and the change of the thought of rebalancing the original and restraining the end. The third part mainly discusses the role of "rich people" in the society of Song Dynasty, they promote rural education, the development of irrigation and water conservancy at the same time. It has made great contributions to the local relief and the construction of rural grassroots ethics and morality, and has ensured the stability of the grass-roots society. However, the lending economy has a dual impact on the development of rural areas. On the one hand, it guarantees the reproduction of rural economy, on the other hand, because some rich people collect high interest from the poor, it has a negative impact on their life. Part 4th focuses on the relationship between the "rich people" stratum and the government. There is economic conflict and benefit cooperation between rich people and governments at all levels. On the one hand, the state levies a large amount of taxes on the rich people, and in the process of making policies, it also harms the economic interests of the rich people. The country governs the village effectively through the rich people, so the literati and officials hope that the country can guarantee the interests of the rich people. At the same time, the article also discusses the relationship between the rich people and the local township officials and the village petty officials. Part 5th. The 6th part is a summary of the article as a whole, and thinks that the rich people class has a great influence in the Song Dynasty. First of all. It discusses the duality of the rich people stratum in the communication with each stratum. Secondly, it discusses the influence of the rich people on the society of the Song Dynasty. Finally, it starts from the relationship between the rich people and the country. This paper discusses that the rich people can maintain their position in the contest with the country, mainly because of the mobility of the "rich people" stratum and the constant adjustment of the national policy. There is no status and privilege, but they can rely on wealth to create conditions for themselves, it happens that wealth is what the rulers need, so in the process of the game, the two get what they need, but rich people in this process is at a disadvantage. The state can exploit and oppress it by taking advantage of its privileges. However, in the Song Dynasty, as the middle stratum of the society, the rich people stratum is the existence which can not be ignored and has an important influence on all aspects of the social life.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K244

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