基于交易成本理论的林产品物流网络优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 13:30

本文关键词：基于交易成本理论的林产品物流网络优化研究　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：林业是国民经济的重要基础。发展现代林产品物流,是提升我国林业产业化水平的一个有效途径。林产品物流在推动林业产业发展中起着十分重要的支撑作用。当前,我国林产品物流的理论研究和实践都处在起步阶段,如何结合林产品的特点,大力发展林产品物流,推进林产品物流水平的发展,提升林产业的竞争力,是一项重大课题。在林产品物流发展中,物流网络的规划布局是一项重要的基础性工作。优化林产品物流网络,合理选择林产品物流中心布局,有利于减少林产品物流环节的浪费、降低物流成本、缩短物流时间、保证林产品品质、提升林产品物流过程中的增值能力。从更广的层面看,林产品物流水平的提升,对于林业产业和区域经济的发展,均有着十分重要的理论意义和实践指导意义。本文借鉴林产品物流领域的已有成果,综合运用交易成本经济学理论、物流工程与供应链管理理论、物流网络理论、林产品物流和价值链理论,结合林产品物流发展实践,以交易成本理论为基础,研究林产品物流网络的优化问题,主要的创新性工作如下： 1.构建了林产品物流网络优化模型。在分析林产品物流网络基本结构的基础上,提出了基于混合整数规划的林产品物流网络优化模型及其改进模型。林产品物流网络的节点主要包括林产品生产者、林产品加工厂、林产品物流中心、配送中心和需求方等。林产品物流网络优化的核心问题,就是在可能的林产品物流中心选址方案中,以林产品物流网络总的物流成本最小化为目标,考虑各种约束条件,来进行选址优化。由于林产品本身的特点和林产品物流网络的复杂性,采用混合整数规划模型来进行分析求解是一种行之有效的方法。案例研究表明,本文所提出的基于混合整数规划的林产品优化模型,具有针对性和可行性。 2.研究了林产品物流配送的路径优化和基于时间窗约束的车辆调度问题。配送是林产品物流网络中面向末端用户的重要环节,一般可分为一级设施配送线路和两级设施配送线路两种情形。论文中构建了林产品物流配送优化模型,结合实际案例,验证了模型的有效性和简便性。林产品运输车辆的优化调度是物流网络运行中的一大难题。课题研究从林产品物流网络运行的实际出发,构建了带时间窗约束的车辆调度模型,并基于遗传算法(GA)构建了模型的求解方法。案例分析结果表明,用遗传算法可以很好地解决带时间窗约束的林产品物流车辆调度优化问题。 3.构建了一体化林产品物流网络最优成本模型。该模型旨在克服混合整数规划模型的不足,充分考虑物流网络中各节点间的互连情况,各节点的物流总量,物流成本的投入,节点间的距离等各种因素,以追求最佳成本为目标。在具体的求解中,先将林产品物流网络中各节点间的物流状况的无向图转变成为有向图,基于有向多重货物算法得到一个求解模型；然后再将之转化为一个有向斯坦纳树问题,并得到一个求解模型；最后构建一个扩展的有向图求解模型。通过考察和比较这三种模型的目标函数和约束条件,证明第三种模型算法更容易获得表征最佳物流成本的树型结构图,进而逐次逼近最优的求解模型。最后基于该模型算法设计了一种分枝切面方法来获得表征物流成本的树型结构图的可行解,并提出一种启发式方法来获得一体化林产品物流网络的最佳物流成本预算值。 4.分析了林产品物流网络优化的效应。从市场结构效应、对林业经济增长的带动效应、以及对区域经济的极化与扩散效应等几个方面,研究了林产品物流网络优化的效应情况。在市场结构效应分析中,构建了博弈模型。在分析物流网络优化对经济增长的带动作用时,构建了解析分析模型。结果表明,无论是价格弹性大于1或小于1的正常林产品,还是非正常的“吉芬林产品”,林产品物流网络优化均有利于提升林业产业化水平,推动林业经济增长。林产品物流网络优化有利于区域经济的极化,并能很好地产生扩散效应。
[Abstract]:Forestry is the important foundation of the national economy. The development of modern forest product logistics, is an effective way to improve the level of forestry industry in China. Forest products logistics plays an important supporting role in promoting the development of forestry industry. At present, the theoretical research and practice of China's forest products logistics are in the initial stage, how to according to the characteristics of forest products, developing forest products logistics, promote the development of forest products logistics level, enhance the forest industry competitiveness is an important issue. In the development of forest product logistics, logistics network planning is an important basic work. The optimization of forest product logistics network, reasonable selection of forest products logistics the center of the layout, is conducive to reduce the logistics of waste products, reduce logistics costs, shorten the logistics time, guarantee the quality of forest products, improve forest products in the process of logistics capability. More broadly To see, the promotion of the logistics level of forest products has very important theoretical and practical guiding significance for the development of forestry industry and regional economy.
In this paper, according to the current results of forest products in the field of logistics, the integrated use of the theory of transaction cost economics, logistics engineering and supply chain management theory, logistics network theory, forest products logistics and value chain theory, combined with the practice of logistics development of forest products, based on the transaction cost theory, the optimization problem of forest product logistics network, the main innovative work the following:
1. construction of forest product logistics network optimization model. Based on the analysis of the basic structure of forest product logistics network, proposed a mixed integer programming of forest products logistics network optimization model and its improved model based on node forest product logistics network including forest products producers, forest products processing plants, forest products distribution center and logistics center. The demand side. The core problem of forest product logistics network optimization, is located in the forest products logistics center possible scheme, to minimize the cost of logistics total forest product logistics network as the goal, considering all kinds of constraints, for site optimization. Because of the complexity of the characteristics of forest products and forest products logistics network, to carry out analysis is an effective method by using mixed integer programming model. A case study shows that the mixed integer programming of forest products and based on the proposed The model is pertinent and feasible.
Study on path optimization of 2. forest products logistics distribution and time window constraints based on the vehicle scheduling problem. The distribution is for end users is an important link of the logistics network of forest products in general can be divided into the primary distribution lines and facilities level two facility distribution lines in two situations. In this paper constructed the optimization model of forest product logistics distribution and combined with the actual case, to verify the effectiveness and simplicity of the model. The optimal scheduling of forest products transport vehicle is a big problem in the logistics network operation. The research from the actual operation of forest products logistics network, establishes vehicle scheduling model with time window constraints, and based on genetic algorithm (GA) construction the solution of the model. The results show that the genetic algorithm can solve with time window constraints of forest product logistics vehicle scheduling optimization problems.
3. to build integrated forest products logistics network optimal cost model. This model aims to overcome the shortage of mixed integer programming model, considering the inter node interconnection logistics network, the total logistics nodes, logistics cost, the distance between nodes and other factors, to the pursuit of the best in the specific costs as the goal. The solution, first the undirected graph into a directed graph logistics situation among nodes of forest product logistics network, based on directed multiple loading algorithm to get a solution of the model; and then transformed into a problem to get a Steiner tree, and finally build a model; extension of a directed graph based model. By solving the objective function and the constraint condition of study and comparison of the three models, third models that are easier to obtain tree structure characterization of optimal logistics cost, and by Finally, we approximate the optimal solution model. Finally, based on the algorithm, we design a branch and section method to get the feasible solution of the tree structure diagram which represents the logistics cost, and propose a heuristic method to get the best logistics cost budget value of the integrated forest product logistics network.
4. analysis of the effect of forest product logistics network optimization. The market structure effect, driving effect of forestry economic growth, and on regional economic polarization and diffusion effect, studied the effect of forest products logistics network optimization. The market structure effect analysis, constructs the game model in the analysis of the logistics network. Optimization of the economic growth, construction of the analytical model. The results show that both the price elasticity is greater than 1 or less than 1 of normal forest products, or non normal "Giffen forest products, forest products logistics network optimization is beneficial to improve the level of forestry industry, promote the economic growth of Forestry forest products. Logistics network optimization is conducive to regional economic polarization, and good diffusion effect.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F326.6;F326.2

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