湄公河开发机制与东南亚区域合作起源（1947-1966）

发布时间：2018-02-12 15:54

本文关键词： 湄公委员会湄公河开发机制东南亚区域合作　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2015年11月,由中国倡议的澜沧江-湄公河合作机制(Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Framework,简称澜湄合作机制)正式建立。澜湄合作机制包含了中国与下湄公河的所有国家,还创造性地将政治安全领域引入了区域合作之中。但是,新生的澜湄合作机制仍面临着参与国之间互信不足、信息沟通不畅、合作基础薄弱等问题。从历史来看,对湄公河的开发源远流长,且在不同历史时期均取得过辉煌成就。在此背景下,湄公河开发历史中的成功经验对未来澜湄合作机制的发展有着重要的借鉴价值。因此,对湄公河开发历史的溯源及其重要机制的研究具有十分重要的现实意义。联合国亚洲及远东经济委员会(ECAFE,简称亚远经委员会)于1947年成立后,既是二战后成立的隶属于联合国经济社会理事会的首个区域经济委员会,又是1966年前着眼于亚洲整体区域经济发展的唯一的区域政府间组织。亚远经委员会为了应对亚洲与东南亚的洪水灾害,于1948年成立了就控洪与水问题合作进行统筹规划的亚远经委员会控洪局(ECAFE Bureau of Flood Control,简称控洪局),还于1951年首创了针对国际河流的控洪与水问题合作项目,并通过实地调查形成了以湄公河为治理对象的多目的河流盆地开发计划。1957年,泰国、越南、老挝与柬埔寨成立了首个负责湄公河开发工作的东南亚区域合作组织——下湄公盆地协作调查委员会(Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the LowerMekongBasin,简称湄公委员会)。1964年,湄公河开发机制虽在首个"五年计划"中取得了辉煌成果,但由于越战的持续升级而日益受到美国的影响1947-1966年间,湄公河开发机制通过一系列取得丰硕成果的区域合作实践形成了以湄公委员会为行动主体,以亚远经委员会及其机构为政策指导,以顾问委员会为技术支撑,结合国家、区域与跨区域三个层次的资金、物资与人员力量,并覆盖工程技术与社会经济两个宏观开发领域的多目的河流盆地开发计划。因此,以湄公委员会及其继任组织为主体所开展的湄公河区域合作,迄今已有60周年历史。同时,以湄公委员会及其继任组织为代表所建立的湄公河开发机制,也是东南亚区域中唯一成功度过冷战阴霾与地区冲突而延续至今的湄公河区域合作机制。湄公河开发机制,作为亚远经委员会区域(theECAFEregion)经济合作的"旗舰"项目与重要组成部分,实则在早期的东南亚区域合作进程中扮演了先驱者的角色。湄公河开发机制的核心地理指向在湄公河次区域,其通过在湄公河次区域开展的区域合作实践对东南亚"区域"的构建产生了重要作用。同时,鉴于1947-1966年间,亚远经委员会、各施援国、联合国机构、项目基金与私人企业在湄公河开发机制起源演进与区域合作中的重要作用,湄公河开发机制对东南亚"区域"的构建作用又带有一种跨区域性质。从历史来看,湄公河开发机制是东南亚区域合作进程中首个由亚洲人倡导并付诸实践的区域开发机制;从组织来看,湄公委员会是诞生最早、持续最久且纯粹由东南亚国家组成的围绕湄公河进行开发的区域合作平台;规范上,湄公河开发机制所秉持的共同参与、全体一致、共识性决策、"湄公精神"等原则规范已成为了湄公河开发与东南亚区域合作所共有的宝贵经验与共同规范。湄公河开发机制,作为20世纪50年代典型的由域外主导的区域合作机制,通过内化了区域特性的规范建构与区域合作实践,成为了纯粹由东南亚国家组成且主导的东南亚区域合作机制,并实则开启了东南亚国家自20世纪60年代起所主导的,培植身份认同与区域自信的东南亚区域合作道路的序幕。因此,亚远经委员会所领导的湄公河开发机制是东南亚区域合作的真正起源。文章主体部分将以1947-1966年间的湄公河开发机制为研究课题,结合已有文献与相关研究,对湄公河开发机制中的起源演变、核心项目、行动成果、制度设计、规范建构、合作特质进行探究,阐明湄公河开发机制在东南亚区域合作进程中的重要作用,并彰显"湄公精神"等湄公河开发机制的遗产与特质,及其借鉴价值与现实意义。
[Abstract]:By November 2015, China initiative Lancang Mekong cooperation mechanism (Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Framework, referred to as Mei Lan cooperation mechanism) was formally established. Mei Lan cooperation mechanism includes all countries China and the Mekong, alsocreatively introduce regional cooperation in political and security fields. However, LAN Mei is still new cooperation mechanism faced with the lack of mutual trust between the participating countries, poor communication, cooperation and weak foundation. From the historical point of view, the development of the Mekong River has a long history, and in different historical periods have made brilliant achievements. In this background, has the important reference value of the successful experience of the development of the Mekong River in the history of the future Mei Lan the cooperation mechanism of development. Therefore, it is very important to research on the development of the Mekong River's history and its important mechanism. The United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECA FE, referred to as the sub committee) by far was founded in 1947, is set up after World War II, belonging to the first regional economic committee of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and in 1966 before focusing on Asia overall regional economic development the only regional intergovernmental organizations. Flood disaster for Asia and the far East by the Committee in response to the Asian and Southeast Asia in 1948, set up cooperation in planning on the flood control and water sub committee of the flood control bureau far (ECAFE Bureau of Flood Control, referred to as the flood control bureau), in 1951, pioneered the flood control and water projects for cooperation of International rivers, and through field surveys formed by the Mekong River governance the object of the multi purpose river basin development plan in.1957, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea established the first responsible for the development of the Mekong River work in Southeast Asia Regional Cooperation Organization - Mekong basin cooperative regulation Check committee (Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the LowerMekongBasin, referred to as the Commission).1964 years, although the development of the Mekong River mechanism in the first "Five Year Plan" has made brilliant achievements, but because of the continuing upgrade Vietnam is becoming more and more influenced by the United States in 1947-1966 years, the development of the Mekong river system formed by the Mekong Committee for action the subject through a series of fruitful regional cooperation practice, sub committee and its mechanism is by far the policy guidance, to the Advisory Committee for technical support, combined with national, regional and inter regional three levels of funds, materials and personnel strength, and covers two macro development in the field of engineering technology and social economy to the river the basin development plan. Therefore, to the Committee and its successor organization for regional cooperation in the Mekong River main development, so far has 60th anniversary history. At the same time, the Committee and its successor organization as the representative of the development of the Mekong River is the only mechanism in the area of Southeast Asia through the cold war conflict haze and continuation of the Mekong region regional cooperation mechanism. Since the development of the Mekong River Sub mechanism, as far the regional economic cooperation committee (theECAFEregion) of the "flagship" project and an important component but in the early part of the process of regional cooperation in Southeast Asia has played a pioneering role. The core of the development of the Mekong River to the geographical mechanism in the Mekong region, through the practice of regional cooperation in the Mekong subregion to carry out the construction of the Southeast Asian region have the important role. At the same time, in 1947-1966 years, by far Asia the rescue committee, China, the United Nations agencies, the important role of project funds and private enterprises in the development of the Mekong River Evolution and origin mechanism for regional cooperation in the Mekong. The development mechanism of Southeast Asian River "region" with a cross regional character. From the historical point of view, the development of the Mekong river system is the first Asian advocacy and practice of regional development mechanism in the process of regional cooperation in Southeast Asia; from the organizational point of view, is the birth of the first Mekong Committee, developed around the Mekong region the longest cooperation platform and purely by Southeast Asian nations; norms, to participate in the development of the Mekong River mechanism to uphold the unanimous decision of consensus, "the standard spirit" principle has become the development of the Mekong River and Southeast Asia regional cooperation and shared valuable experience and common norms. The mechanism of the development of the Mekong River. As a typical 1950s extraterritorial leading regional cooperation mechanism, through the construction of regional cooperation and regional characteristics of the practice norms, has become the pure by Southeast Asian countries Southeast Asian regional cooperation mechanism and the dominant, and it opened in Southeast Asian countries since 1960s led, prelude to identity and confidence cultivation area of Southeast Asia regional cooperation road. So far, sub committee led to the development of the Mekong River is the true origin of Southeast Asian regional cooperation mechanism. The main part of the article will be 1947-1966 years the development of the Mekong river system as the research subject, combined with the relevant research literature, evolution, origin of the core project, the development of the Mekong River in the mechanism of action research, system design, standard construction, cooperation characteristics study, the paper expounds the important role of the development of the Mekong River in Southeast Asia in the process of regional economic cooperation, and highlight the characteristics and heritage "the spirit of" the Mekong River development mechanism, and its reference value and practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D733

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