基于3S技术的准东地区生态脆弱性研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 17:21

本文选题：准东地区　切入点：生态环境　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球范围内的气候变化引起的日趋严重的环境问题已逐渐被人类正视,环境治理与保护已受到越来越多的关注。为防止自然环境进一步恶化,生态脆弱性研究已成为可持续发展研究中的热点。近几年,国家进一步推进西部大开发战略,西部地区的资源开发和城市建设进程明显加快,人类活动范围不断扩张,同时也使西北地区的脆弱生态环境受到前所未有的压力。资源的粗放式开发和环境保护意识的淡薄,进一步降低了生态环境稳定性,造成诸如水土流失、土壤盐渍化、土地荒漠化以及植被退化等一系列环境问题。准东地区位于昌吉州中东部,煤炭资源丰富。在煤炭开采的带动下,煤电、煤化工产业也发展迅速。煤炭开采在促进地区经济增长和社会快速发展的同时,也破坏了当地的生态环境。对准东地区进行生态脆弱性评价,科学分析脆弱成因,对于政府环境保护政策的制定,区域经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究从自然资源子系统、环境子系统、经济子系统、社会发展子系统四个方面,选择了年均温、年降水量、人均耕地面积、植被覆盖度、土壤有机质含量;坡度、扰动程度、重金属潜在生态危害;人均GDP、农民人均GDP、人均可支配收入;人口密度、基础教育率、人口自然增长率14个评价指标,构建准东地区生态脆弱性评价体系,对准东地区进行生态脆弱性评价,并用层次分析法确定各子系统以及各评价指标的权重。最终根据各指标的得分值和权重建立研究区生态脆弱性评价模型EVI,对准东地区生态脆弱性进行评价。主要结论如下:(1)研究区生态脆弱性评价体系中,四个子系统的权重从大到小排序依次为自然资源子系统(0.4155)环境子系统(0.2926)社会发展子系统(0.1849)经济子系统(0.107)。有8个评价指标权重大于0.05,说明这8个指标对准东地区生态脆弱性影响较大,按顺序从大到小排列依次为植被覆盖度人口密度坡度扰动程度土壤有机质含量人均耕地面积人均GDP重金属潜在生态风险。(2)准东地区生态脆弱性指数值范围在0.2213~0.4847间,平均值0.3686。根据分级标准,将研究区生态脆弱性划分为五个等级。EVI值小于0.2的地区生态脆弱性等级为潜在脆弱,EVI值在0.2~0.4的区域为轻度脆弱,EVI值在0.4~0.6之间为中度脆弱,EVI值在0.6~0.8之间为重度脆弱区,EVI值大于0.8为极端脆弱。经过计算得出,研究区内没有潜在脆弱区、重度脆弱区和极端脆弱区。大部分地区处于轻度脆弱程度。轻度脆弱、中度脆弱的面积分别为29218.38 km2、4455.97 km2,分别占准东地区总面积的86.77%、13.23%。轻度脆弱区脆弱性指数值跨度较大,指数低的区域集中在农田和草地的地区,较低区域分布在农田周边的未利用地、城镇、荒漠和坡度较缓的山区。中度脆弱区分布在研究区地形变化较大、坡度大的山区和煤矿开采、工厂区域。(3)研究区内各县市生态脆弱性方面,阜康市脆弱度最低,奇台县与研究区整体脆弱度平均值相同,吉木萨尔县脆弱度平均值稍高于研究区整体。吉木萨尔县和奇台县中度脆弱区面积比例远高于阜康市。中度脆弱区形成的原因是由于煤矿开采和工厂生产造成的土壤重金属潜在生态危害较高和土地利用类型本身的脆弱性;此外,地形变化和景观类型本身的脆弱也是造成脆弱生态环境形成的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The increasingly serious environmental problems caused by climate change in the global scope has gradually been human face, management and protection of environment has attracted more and more attention. In order to prevent the further deterioration of the natural environment, ecological vulnerability research has become a hot topic in the study of sustainable development. In recent years, the country to further promote the western development strategy, resource development the western region city construction and speeding up the process of expanding the scope of human activities, but also the fragile ecological environment in Northwest China has been hitherto unknown pressure. The extensive development of resources and environmental protection consciousness, to further reduce the stability of ecological environment caused by, such as soil erosion, soil salinization, land desertification, vegetation degradation a series of environmental problems. The East Junggar area is located in the eastern part of Changji, rich in coal resources in coal mining. Driven by coal, Coal chemical industry has developed rapidly. Coal mining in promoting the rapid development of regional economic growth and society at the same time, also destroyed the local ecological environment. On the regional ecological vulnerability assessment, analysis of cause of fragility of science, for the government to make the policy of environmental protection, has great significance for the sustainable development of the regional economy. The study from the natural resource subsystem, environment subsystem, economic subsystem, social subsystem four aspects of development, choose the annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, per capita arable land area, vegetation coverage, soil organic matter content; slope, degree of disturbance, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals; per capita GDP, per capita GDP, per capita disposable income basic education; population density, rate of natural population growth rate of 14 evaluation indicators, build Zhundong ecological vulnerability evaluation system of ecological vulnerability of Zhundong area evaluation, and hierarchy To determine each subsystem and the weight of each evaluation index analysis method. Finally according to the score of each index value and weight of establishment of ecological vulnerable EVI model evaluation, vulnerability evaluation of Zhundong ecology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the study area of ecological vulnerability evaluation system, the weights of the four subsystems from to the order of natural resources subsystem environment subsystem (0.4155) (0.2926) (0.1849) social development subsystem and economic subsystem (0.107). 8 of the weight of evaluation index is greater than 0.05, indicating that these 8 indicators have great influence on the ecological fragility of Zhundong area, according to the order in descending order for vegetation population density gradient disturbance of soil organic matter content of the per capita arable land area per capita GDP potential ecological risk of heavy metals. (2) the ecological vulnerability index Zhundong region in the range of 0.2213~0.4847, the average value of 0.3686. according to the Standard, the study area of ecological vulnerability is divided into five grades.EVI value less than 0.2 regional ecological vulnerability rating for the potential vulnerability, EVI value in the 0.2~0.4 region for the mild fragile, EVI value of 0.4~0.6 is moderate fragile, EVI value is between 0.6~0.8 for severe fragile areas, EVI greater than 0.8 is extremely fragile. After calculation, the research did not potentially vulnerable region, severe fragile area and extremely vulnerable area. In most areas of mild vulnerability. Mild vulnerability, moderate vulnerability of the area was 29218.38 km24455.97 km2, respectively, the total area of Zhundong 86.77% 13.23%. light fragile area vulnerability index value of large span, low index concentrated in the areas of farmland and grassland area, the lower the regional distribution in the farmland surrounding towns, unused land, desert and mountain slope is relatively slow. Moderate vulnerability areas distributed in the study area to form larger changes The mountains and steep slope, coal mining, factory area. (3) in the study area of each county ecological vulnerability, the vulnerability of Fukang City, Qitai county and the lowest, the overall average value of the same vulnerability research area, Jimsar County vulnerability average slightly higher than the whole area of Jimsar county and Qitai County. Moderate vulnerable area the proportion is much higher than that of Fukang city. The reason is due to the formation of moderate vulnerable area of coal mining and factory production caused by the high potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil and land use types of vulnerability; in addition, the terrain changes and landscape type itself is also the main reason causing the fragile fragile ecological environment.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171;P208;P228.4;X87

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