我国天然气定价机制改革探讨

发布时间：2018-03-15 05:19

本文选题：天然气　切入点：定价　出处：《天津财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从进入工业化社会以来,为了追求经济的快速增长,发展工业经济,人们对能源的消费不断增长,尤其是对高碳化石能源的过度使用,由此带来了一系列全球性的环境问题,其中最主要的问题就是温室气体的排放导致的全球气候变暖。近几年,我国出现大范围的雾霾天气,尤其是京津地区、河北、江浙一带,给人们的生活造成严重影响,就连呼吸新鲜空气的权利都被剥夺。这些环境问题都是由于在经济发展过程中忽视了环境保护的重要性。要想改善环境质量,还给世界蓝天白云,就必须改善现有的能源消费结构,提高清洁能源在一次能源消费中的比例。众所周知,天然气是一种清洁环保能源?具有高热值、低排放、低污染的特点,具有石油、煤炭等替代能源不可替代的优势,所以各国越来越重视天然气在各领域的使用。我国目前正处于天然气行业的大发展时期,但是传统的天然气定价机制却显现出越来越多的弊端。上游井口价、中游管道运输价由国家发改委制定,城市配气费由地方物价局制定,仍然属于垄断性定价,缺乏市场竞争性。所采用的定价方法是成本加成定价法,即根据企业上报的成本加上一定比例的利润,虽然该方法在我国天然气工业发展的初级阶段起到过一定的积极作用,促进了我国天然气消费。但现阶段,由于天然气价格偏低,尤其是进口天然气价格出现价格倒挂的现象,导致生产企业盈利减少甚至出现亏损,近几年我国天然气供应趋紧。另一方面,低价导致天然气消费的迅速攀升,在某些领域出现了盲目消费的现象,天然气资源没有得到合理利用。本文运用文献综述法、比较分析法、因素分析法、经验总结法、统计调查与分析方法等方法,介绍了世界主要的天然气定价理论及定价方法,分析了我国天然气市场的供求现状,列出了影响我国天然气定价的因素；进而介绍了我国现行的天然气定价机制,并对我国现行的天然气定价机制存在的问题进行了归纳；然后通过分析世界主要天然气市场定价机制的演变过程,总结出一般规律；最后结合我国天然气市场的实际情况,为我国最终建立竞争性的天然气市场,理顺天然气价格机制提出了相关建议。但鉴于时间和工作量的问题,未对具体的天然气市场进行进一步研究。为推动我国天然气合理定价机制的形成,后续研究可以选取某个或多个成熟的天然气市场深入研究价格形成机制,并结合我国不同区域的经济特点,提出更加具体的天然气价格指导建议。
[Abstract]:Since entering the industrialized society, in order to pursue the rapid economic growth and develop the industrial economy, people's consumption of energy has been increasing, especially the excessive use of high-carbon fossil energy, which has brought a series of global environmental problems. Among them, the most important problem is the global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, there have been extensive haze weather in China, especially in the areas of Beijing and Tianjin, Hebei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which have had a serious impact on people's lives. Even the right to breathe fresh air is denied. These environmental problems are due to the neglect of the importance of environmental protection in the course of economic development. It is necessary to improve the existing energy consumption structure and increase the proportion of clean energy in primary energy consumption. As we all know, natural gas is a clean and environmentally friendly energy? With the characteristics of high calorific value, low emission, low pollution and irreplaceable advantages of alternative energy sources such as oil and coal, many countries pay more and more attention to the use of natural gas in various fields. China is now in the period of great development of natural gas industry. However, the traditional pricing mechanism of natural gas shows more and more disadvantages. The upstream wellhead price, the pipeline transportation price in the middle reaches are set by the National Development and Reform Commission, and the city gas distribution fee is set by the local price bureau, which still belongs to monopoly pricing. Lack of market competition. The pricing method is cost plus pricing, that is, according to the cost reported by enterprises plus a certain proportion of profits, although this method has played a positive role in the initial stage of the development of natural gas industry in China. This has promoted natural gas consumption in China. However, at this stage, because the natural gas price is on the low side, especially the phenomenon that the price of imported natural gas is upside down, the profits of the production enterprises are reduced or even losses occur. In recent years, the natural gas supply in our country has become tight. On the other hand, the low price leads to the rapid increase of natural gas consumption, which leads to the phenomenon of blind consumption in some fields, and the natural gas resources are not used reasonably. The methods of comparative analysis, factor analysis, experience summary, statistical investigation and analysis are introduced in this paper. The main pricing theories and pricing methods of natural gas in the world are introduced, and the present situation of supply and demand of natural gas market in China is analyzed. This paper lists the factors influencing the pricing of natural gas in China, then introduces the current pricing mechanism of natural gas in China, and summarizes the problems existing in the current pricing mechanism of natural gas in China. Then, by analyzing the evolution process of the pricing mechanism of the world's main natural gas market, the general law is summarized. Finally, combining with the actual situation of the natural gas market in China, the competitive natural gas market is established for our country. In order to promote the formation of a reasonable pricing mechanism of natural gas in China, some suggestions are put forward for straightening out the price mechanism of natural gas. However, in view of the time and workload, no further study has been carried out on the specific natural gas market. The further study can select one or more mature natural gas markets to study the price formation mechanism in depth, and put forward more specific suggestions on the price guidance of natural gas according to the economic characteristics of different regions in China.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.22

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