人力资本对我国城乡居民收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 09:00

本文选题：人力资本　切入点：城乡居民收入差距　出处：《安徽财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：收入分配是经济学研究的核心内容之一,收入分配的公平与否关系着广大民众的切身利益,也关系到一个国家的长久稳定与发展。收入分配不公,城乡差距过大已成为当前经济与社会发展的重要特征,是亟待改革的领域之一,引起了政府和民众的广泛关注。改革开放以来,我国经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,居民收入快速增长,然而,城乡居民收入差距也在波动中逐渐扩大。城乡居民人均收入比由1978年的2.56扩大到2011年的3.13,绝对收入差距则由209元增加到14832元,较改革开放之初扩大了71倍,我国已成为世界上城乡收入差距最严重的国家之一。城乡人力资本差距是城乡差距的另一体现,也是造成城乡收入差距拉大的重要原因。目前,我国农村在教育、医疗和科研、培训等方面与城市差距明显,2010年农村居民平均受教育年限是7.80年,城镇是10.07年,相差2.27年。而在家庭教育和医疗支出方面城镇分别是农村的4.7和3.5倍,考虑到区域经济发展水平的差异,那么,显然,中西部偏远农村地区的教育、医疗水平更是远远落后。本文选择从人力资本角度分析城乡居民收入差距的变动以及对农民增收的影响机制。在参考大量相关研究文献基础上,运用定量与定性分析相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合的方法,对城乡居民人力资本存量和城乡收入差距变动情况进行了分析研究。在实证研究部分,采用了省级面板数据的固定效应模型分析了人力资本对城乡收入差距的影响,采用时间序列数据的误差修正模型分析了农村人力资本投资回报率变动,结合实证分析结果和现实状况,提出了增加农民收入,缩小城乡收入差距的对策建议。为了提高农民收入水平,必须加强农村人力资本积累,政府应加大对农村地区的教育投入,全面提升农村居民受教育水平；扩大医疗保障范围,改善农村医疗卫生状况；推动户籍制度改革,促进农村劳动力合理有序流动,并提高农村地区人力资本投资回报率。
[Abstract]:Income distribution is one of the core contents of economic research. Whether the income distribution is fair or not is related to the vital interests of the general public, but also to the long-term stability and development of a country. The large gap between urban and rural areas has become an important feature of the current economic and social development, is one of the areas of urgent need of reform, and has aroused widespread concern of the government and the public. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements, residents' income has increased rapidly, however, The income gap between urban and rural residents is also gradually widening. The per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents has expanded from 2.56 in 1978 to 3.13 in 2011, while the absolute income gap has increased from 209 yuan to 14832 yuan, which is 71 times larger than at the beginning of reform and opening up. China has become one of the countries with the most serious urban-rural income gap in the world. The urban-rural human capital gap is another embodiment of the urban-rural gap and an important reason for the widening urban-rural income gap. At present, China's rural areas are engaged in education, medical treatment and scientific research. In 2010, the average number of years of education for rural residents was 7.80 years, compared with 10.07 years in towns, which was 2.27 years. In terms of family education and medical expenses, the average number of years of education in rural areas was 4.7 times that in rural areas, and 3.5 times that in rural areas. Considering the difference of regional economic development level, it is obvious that the education and medical treatment level of the remote rural areas in the central and western regions are far behind. This paper chooses to analyze the change of income gap between urban and rural residents from the angle of human capital and the influence mechanism on the increase of farmers' income. On the basis of reference to a large number of relevant research documents, this paper combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Combining normative analysis with empirical analysis, this paper analyzes the changes of human capital stock and urban-rural income gap among urban and rural residents. The fixed effect model of provincial panel data is used to analyze the impact of human capital on urban-rural income gap, and the error correction model of time series data is used to analyze the change of return on investment in rural human capital. Based on the results of empirical analysis and the actual situation, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase farmers' income and narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. In order to improve the income level of farmers, we must strengthen the accumulation of rural human capital, the government should increase the education investment in rural areas, improve the education level of rural residents in an all-round way, expand the scope of medical security, improve the medical and health status in rural areas. Promote the reform of household registration system, promote the rational and orderly flow of rural labor force, and improve the rate of return on investment of human capital in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7;F249.21

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