制造业空间集聚对我国全要素生产率影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 22:26

本文选题：产业集聚 + 全要素生产率　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放后，伴随着我国经济的快速增长，经济发展过程中的一些问题也开始不断显现。这其中，各地区经济发展的不平衡和产业生产中高投入低效率的问题成为最需要迫切解决的两个问题。而如何进一步提升我国的全要素生产率水平则成为解决这些问题的关键所在。从影响经济增长和生产率提高的因素看，受制于传统的新古典经济理论在解释地区生产率差异上的局限性，新经济地理学开始在规模报酬递增、不完全竞争和冰山贸易成本的假设前提下，强调产业集聚在促进生产率提高过程中的重要作用，认为产业集聚水平的提高可以通过知识和信息外溢、共享基础设施、共享资本劳动力等要素资源、拓展产业前后向联系等多种途径来促进全要素生产率水平的提高。然而，在将这些理论分析应用于实证检验时，支持与不支持产业集聚促进生产率提高的结论却都大量存在。这说明产业空间集聚水平的提高并不必然会促进生产率的提高，产业集聚与生产率之间可能会存在非线性关系。在这样的背景下，本文尝试在非线性框架下对产业集聚促进全要素生产率提高的内在机制进行探讨。本文首先对国内外的相关文献进行了梳理。在此基础上，对我国制造业空间集聚水平以及各地区全要素生产率水平进行了测算和分析，并对二者之间的关系进行了简单的分析。结果发现：我国东、中、西部三个地区制造业空间集聚水平差距较大，其中东部地区集聚水平明显高于中西部地区；我国各地区全要素生产率增长存在差异，其中东部地区明显高于中西部地区。东部地区全要素生产率处于增长状态，而中西部地区则相反；将制造业空间集聚水平与全要素生产率增长联系起来观察，虽然集聚水平较高的地区全要素生产率增长较快，，但二者之间并没有明显的线性关系。然后，本文对产业空间集聚与全要素生产率之间的关系分别在线性和非线性框架下进行了实证研究，结果发现，制造业空间集聚对全要素生产率的增长具有显著促进作用，这个过程主要是通过技术效率的改善体现出来的，集聚对技术效率的影响为正，而对技术进步的影响却为负。出现这种情况可能是因为集聚水平在一定限度内的提高有利于增加产业之间的关联度，这样有利于节省企业各方面成本，从而提高资源配置效率；集聚与全要素生产率增长之间存在着一种非线性关系，当集聚水平低于某一临界值时，集聚水平的提高会促进全要素生产率的增长；而当高于这一临界值时便会阻碍全要素生产率的增长。最后，本文在前面理论分析和实证检验的基础上，对今后我国如何合理调整产业布局、协调区域经济发展提出了相应的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, with the rapid economic growth in China, some problems in the process of economic development began to appear. Among them, the imbalance of regional economic development and the problems of high input and low efficiency in industrial production are the two most urgent problems to be solved. How to further improve the level of total factor productivity is the key to solve these problems. In view of the factors affecting economic growth and productivity improvement, the new economic geography began to increase returns on a scale due to the limitations of the traditional neoclassical economic theory in explaining regional productivity differences. Under the assumption of incomplete competition and iceberg trade cost, this paper emphasizes the important role of industrial agglomeration in the process of promoting productivity, and holds that the improvement of industrial agglomeration level can share infrastructure through knowledge and information spillover. Share capital labor force and other essential resources and expand industry forward and backward connection to promote the level of total factor productivity. However, the conclusions of supporting and not supporting industrial agglomeration to improve productivity exist in large numbers when these theoretical analyses are applied to empirical tests. This indicates that the improvement of industrial spatial agglomeration level does not necessarily promote the improvement of productivity, and there may be a nonlinear relationship between industrial agglomeration and productivity. In this context, this paper attempts to explore the internal mechanism of industrial agglomeration to promote the total factor productivity under the non-linear framework. In this paper, the literature at home and abroad is first combed. On this basis, the spatial agglomeration level of Chinese manufacturing industry and the level of total factor productivity in various regions are measured and analyzed, and the relationship between them is analyzed simply. The results show that the gap of manufacturing spatial agglomeration level in the east, middle and west regions of China is large, and the concentration level in the eastern region is obviously higher than that in the central and western regions, and there are differences in the growth of total factor productivity in different regions of China. The eastern region is obviously higher than the central and western regions. In the eastern region, the total factor productivity (TFP) is in a state of growth, while in the central and western regions, the level of spatial agglomeration of manufacturing industry is related to the growth of TFP, although the higher the level of agglomeration, the faster the growth of TFP. But there is no obvious linear relationship between the two. Then, the relationship between industrial spatial agglomeration and total factor productivity (TFP) is studied in the linear and nonlinear frame respectively. The results show that the spatial agglomeration of manufacturing industry has a significant role in promoting the growth of TFP. The effect of agglomeration on technological efficiency is positive but negative on technological progress. This situation may be because the increase of agglomeration level within a certain limit is conducive to increase the correlation between industries, which is conducive to saving the cost of all aspects of the enterprise, thereby improving the efficiency of resource allocation; There is a nonlinear relationship between agglomeration and total factor productivity growth. When the agglomeration level is below a certain critical value, the increase of agglomeration level will promote the growth of total factor productivity. When above this threshold, total factor productivity growth will be hindered. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on how to adjust the industrial layout and coordinate the development of regional economy in China in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124;F224

【参考文献】