广藿香植株化感作用及其根际土壤自毒作用与矿质元素含量的研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 17:05

本文选题：广藿香 + 连作障碍　；参考：《海南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：广藿香[Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.],唇形科刺蕊草属植物,别名刺蕊草、南香、藿香、枝香、牌香等,原产于菲律宾、马来西亚、越南等东南亚国家,是重要的药材和香料兼用的植物,具有芳香化浊、开胃止呕、发表解暑等功效,用于湿浊中阻、脘痞呕吐、暑湿倦怠、胸闷不适、寒湿闭暑、腹痛吐泻、鼻渊头痛等病证。广藿香具有良好的发展前景,然而广藿香连作障碍问题较为突出,表现为地下部分根系退化、褐化、腐烂,地上叶片生长较弱、植株生长不良,甚至整株死亡,造成产量和品质明显下降,这些都阻碍了广藿香的规模化生产、农户的种植积极性以及区域经济的进一步发展。因此,对广藿香连作障碍的成因及作用机理的研究意义重大。本文从化感作用及矿质元素角度,研究了广藿香的化感作用、广藿香幼苗及成熟植株的矿质元素含量、根际土壤自毒物质及矿质元素含量,为实现有效调控广藿香连作障碍提供理论依据和技术支撑。本研究采用培养皿滤纸法研究广藿香根、茎、叶的化感作用。结果表明：广藿香根、茎、叶水浸液对不同的植物受体和对同一种植物受体的不同部位的化感效应有所不同,即低浓度(0.0125g/m1)时表现为无抑制作用或无明显影响,而高浓度(0.1g/ml)则抑制作用明显,随着提取液处理浓度的增大,化感效应逐渐增强。这为实现有效调控广藿香连作障碍提供理论依据。本研究运用GC-MS法鉴定广藿香根际土壤的化感物质,结果显示其中含有丙二酸(0.161%)、十四烷酸(0.089%)、十六烷酸(0.426%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(1.030%)、1，2-苯二羧酸,二壬基酯(0.124%)、苯乙酸(0.893%)、十七烷(0.102%)、十八烷(0.282%)、十九烷(0.532%)、二十一烷(1.090%)、二十三烷(2.959%)和二十五烷(3.389%)共12种物质均为已报道的化感自毒物质。这为探讨广藿香连作障碍的形成机理提供参考依据。本研究采用原子吸收光度法、姜黄素比色法、乙酸胺交换—火焰光度法等分析广藿香根际土壤的矿质元素含量。结果表明：连作障碍的产生与广藿香根际土壤溶液中各元素间的失衡密切相关,其中微量元素间比例失调较为严重,Na/Cu和Mn/Cu最为严重,分别达到57.919%和77.806%。这为指导连作广藿香的合理施肥提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Pogostemon cablin Blanco.Benth., an important medicinal and spice plant, native to the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries, is also known as Acanthophora chinensis, South Fragrance, Pogostemon, Artemisia, Aegonia, etc., native to the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries. Aromatase turbid, appetizer, antiemetic, and so on, used in dampness and turbid obstruction, epigastric vomiting, summer dampness burnout, chest tightness, cold, dampness and heat, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, headache, etc. Patchouli has a good development prospect, however, the problems of continuous cropping obstacle of patchouli are more prominent, such as root degeneration, browning, rot, weak leaf growth, poor plant growth, and even death of the whole plant. As a result the yield and quality of patchouli decreased obviously which hindered the large-scale production of patchouli farmers' enthusiasm for planting and the further development of regional economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the causes and mechanism of continuous cropping of patchouli. The allelopathy of Pogostemon patchouli, the contents of mineral elements in seedlings and mature plants, and the contents of autotoxic substances and mineral elements in rhizosphere soil were studied from allelopathy and mineral element point of view. To provide theoretical basis and technical support for the effective control of continuous cropping obstacles of patchouli. The allelopathy of root, stem and leaf of patchouli was studied by the method of petri dish filter paper. The results showed that the allelopathic effects of water extracts from roots, stems and leaves of patchouli on different plant receptors and different parts of the same plant receptors were different, i.e., the low concentration of 0.0125 g / m ~ (-1) showed no inhibition or no obvious effect. The inhibitory effect of high concentration of 0.1 g / ml was obvious, and the allelopathy increased with the increase of the concentration of extract. This provides a theoretical basis for the effective regulation of continuous cropping obstacles of patchouli. In this study, the allelopathic substances in rhizosphere soil of patchouli were identified by GC-MS method. The results showed that there were malonic acid 0.161, tetradecanoic acid 0.089, hexadecanoic acid 0.426, dibutyl phthalate 1.030 and 1,030 dibutyl phthalate and 2-phenyldicarboxylic acid. Dinonyl ester 0.124, phenylacetate 0.893, octadecane 0.10 2, octadecane 0.2822, pentadecane 0.5322, 21 alkane 1.090g, 23 alkane 2.959) and 25 alkane 3.389) are all reported allotoxic substances. This provides a reference basis for exploring the formation mechanism of continuous cropping disorder of Pogostemon patchouli. In this study, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, curcumin colorimetry and amine-exchange flame photometry were used to analyze the mineral elements in the rhizosphere soil of patchouli. The results showed that the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacle was closely related to the imbalance of elements in the rhizosphere soil solution of Pogostemon patchouli, among which the proportion imbalance among trace elements was the most serious, reaching 57.919% and 77.806%, respectively. This provides scientific basis for rational fertilization of continuous cropping patchouli.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S567.239

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