海岸带生物入侵的生态后果及管理对策建议

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:27

本文选题：管理 + 海岸带　；参考：《中国科学院院刊》2016年10期

【摘要】：海岸带生态系统具有十分重要的经济和生态服务功能,同时也是最脆弱、最容易被外来种入侵的生态系统之一。我国已查明的海岸带外来入侵物种有196种,占我国入侵种总数的1/4以上。人为引种和船舶运输是外来种入侵海岸带生态系统的主要途径。海岸带生物入侵会造成土著种生长和繁殖受限、生物多样性丧失、生态系统服务功能下降等严重的生态后果,同时对海岸带渔业和农业生产乃至居民健康产生严重影响。为了科学管理海岸带生物入侵问题,建议尽早对我国海岸带外来物种开展全面系统的科学考察,实施主要外来种的风险分析,进一步深入研究主要外来种的入侵机制及其生态影响,完善相关法律法规和政策制度,加强压舱水管控,为海岸带生态安全和区域经济社会发展提供保障。
[Abstract]:Coastal ecosystem has very important economic and ecological service functions, and it is also one of the most vulnerable and easily invaded ecosystems by alien species. 196 species of invasive alien species have been identified in the coastal zone in China, accounting for more than a quarter of the total number of invasive species in China. Artificial introduction and ship transportation are the main ways for alien species to invade coastal ecosystem. The invasion of coastal organisms will result in the limited growth and reproduction of indigenous species, loss of biodiversity, decline of ecosystem services and other serious ecological consequences. At the same time, it will have a serious impact on coastal fisheries, agricultural production and even the health of residents. In order to manage the biological invasion of coastal zone scientifically, it is suggested that comprehensive and systematic scientific investigation of alien species in coastal zone of China be carried out as soon as possible, and risk analysis of major alien species be carried out. The invasion mechanism and ecological impact of the main alien species are further studied, the relevant laws, regulations and policies are improved, and ballast water control is strengthened to guarantee the ecological security of coastal zone and the development of regional economy and society.
【作者单位】：复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所生物多样性和生态工程教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)(2013CB430404) 国家林业局生物安全专项(AS-2016-02) 上海市科委科技创新行动计划(14dz1206003)
【分类号】：Q16

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