寒地建筑形态自组织适寒设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 06:50

  本文选题：寒地 + 建筑形态　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：寒地建筑是我国地域建筑体系的重要组成部分,特殊的气候是寒地建筑形态设计的制约条件,在严酷的气候条件下,实现建筑的适用、经济、绿色、美观,提高人居环境品质,是寒地建筑设计需要持续探索的根本问题。在漫长的发展过程中,我国寒地建筑形成了鲜明的地域特色,从空间组织到群体布局均有独到之处。传统寒地建筑形态的设计方法是值得学习与借鉴的,但是,任何建筑形态都是历史发展过程中的一个片段,随着时代的进步,寒地建筑形态的设计方法需要进步与提升。本文以我国寒地特殊的气候条件为依据,从环境资源、区域经济以及文化背景的角度,综合分析了寒地建筑形态设计的限制因素,并通过与发达国家寒冷地区的气候特点及人居环境水平的横向对比,研究了我国寒地建筑形态设计背景的独特性与复杂性。在此基础上,结合建筑气候学、建筑形态学以及复杂性科学等交叉学科,提出了“集约整合、环境友好、有机共生”的契合时代发展需求的寒地建筑形态设计趋势。寒地建筑形态与寒地环境之间的关系是极其复杂的,研究寒地建筑形态的适应性,本质上研究的是复杂适应系统的问题。自组织是复杂适应系统得以运转的动力,因此,自组织为寒地建筑形态适寒系统的构建提供了理论依据。本文以自组织的理论视角对寒地建筑形态系统进行构建,利用自组织系统的开放性与交互性,将寒地建筑、建筑师与寒地环境作为统一的开放系统,从而紧密的建立寒地建筑形态与环境的关联;并以自组织的相关理论为基础,研究了寒地建筑形态自组织适寒系统的构建依据,在此基础上,利用自组织系统的反馈性、应变性与协同性,从建筑形态系统的各个层级尺度,研究了寒地建筑形态自组织适寒的作用机制。建筑形态自组织适寒设计是对传统寒地建筑形态的优化,因此,本文提炼了传统寒地建筑形态的基本原型,将其作为形态自组织适寒设计的优化基础,并提出了寒地建筑从封闭走向开放、从被动走向优适、从孤立走向系统的形态自组织适寒设计目标。基于上述理论基础,本文以有机体生长的内在机制为建筑形态的生成逻辑,研究了“反馈机制下的腔体形态自组织适寒”、“应变机制下的胞体形态自组织适寒”与“协同机制下的群落形态自组织适寒”的形态设计策略,并针对以上策略研究了具体设计方法。其目的是改变寒地建筑被动封闭的现状,提高寒地建筑对能量的利用效率,增加寒地建筑的环境包容性,从而促使寒地建筑自发地、积极地、灵活地、并且高效的适应寒地复杂环境。寒地建筑形态自组织适寒设计的提出,是从环境友好、生态关怀的角度建构寒地建筑与环境的共生关系。将自组织理论引入形态适寒设计,优化了传统寒地建筑形态的基本原型;促进了寒地建筑以更加精准的形态反应环境的作用力,在保证气候抵御力的基础上,以更加亲和的方式融入环境;推动了寒地建筑从“被动抵御”走向“积极适应”。形态自组织适寒设计是对传统寒地建筑形态设计方法的优化,它不仅仅局限于寒地建筑的节能,而是从更广义的层面强调寒地建筑以更加开放的姿态面向民众与环境,通过对地域资源的“最优利用”实现寒地建筑与环境的“最优关系”。
[Abstract]:The cold land building is an important part of the regional architecture system in China. The special climate is the restrictive condition for the design of the building form in the cold area. Under the harsh climate conditions, the realization of the application of the building, the economy, the green and the beautiful, and the improvement of the quality of the living environment are the fundamental problems to be continuously explored in the design of the cold land. In the long process of development, The cold ground building in China has formed a distinctive regional characteristic, which is unique from the spatial organization to the group layout. The design method of the traditional cold ground architecture is worth learning and using for reference. However, any architectural form is a fragment of the historical development process. With the progress of the times, the design method of the cold building form needs to be advanced. On the basis of the special climatic conditions in the cold area of China, this paper analyzes the restrictive factors of the structure design of the cold land from the environmental resources, the regional economy and the cultural background, and studies the construction form of the cold land in our country through the horizontal comparison with the climate characteristics and the water level of the human living environment in the cold regions of the developed countries. On this basis, combined with the cross disciplines such as architectural climatology, architectural morphology and complexity science, the design trend of "intensive integration, environment friendly and organic symbiosis" is proposed. The relationship between cold ground and cold environment is extremely important. It is complicated to study the adaptability of building form in cold area. In essence, it is the problem of complex adaptive system. Self organization is the driving force of complex adaptive system. Therefore, it provides a theoretical basis for the construction of cold ground system. Building, using the openness and interactivity of the self-organizing system, the cold ground architecture, the architect and the cold environment are used as a unified open system, and the relationship between the cold ground and the environment is closely established. Based on the self organizing theory, the construction basis of the cold land structure self organizing cold system is studied. With the feedback, change and synergy of the self-organizing system, the mechanism of the self organizing cold of the building form in the cold area is studied from each level scale of the architectural form system. The self organizing cold design of the building form is the optimization of the traditional cold ground. Therefore, the basic prototype of the traditional cold ground is put forward in this paper. In order to optimize the form of self organizing cold design, the objective of self organizing cold design is proposed from closed to open, from passive to optimum and from isolation to system. Based on the theory above, this paper takes the internal mechanism of organism growth as the generation logic of architectural form, and studies the "feedback mechanism". The shape of the cavity is self organizing cold, the form of the cell body is self-organizing under the strain mechanism and the form design strategy under the cooperative mechanism, and the specific design method is studied for the above strategy. The purpose is to change the current situation of the passive closure of the cold ground and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the cold ground building. Rate, increasing the environmental inclusiveness of the cold building, thus promoting the cold ground building spontaneously, actively, flexibly, and efficiently adapting to the complex environment of cold ground. The proposed self organizing cold design of cold ground is a symbiotic relationship between the construction of cold land and the environment from the angle of environment friendly and ecological care. The self organization theory is introduced into the form. The cold design has optimized the basic archetype of the traditional cold ground architecture, and promoted the cold ground building to respond more accurately to the environment. On the basis of ensuring the climate resistance, it integrated into the environment in a more compatible way, and promoted the cold ground building from "passive resistance" to "active adaptation". The design method of the traditional cold area is optimized. It is not limited to the energy saving of the cold ground, but from the broader level, it emphasizes that the cold buildings are more open to the public and the environment, and the "optimal relationship" of the cold land building and the environment is realized by "optimal utilization" of the regional resources.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU201
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本文编号：1928102