国际产业转移与我国的产业政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 11:26

本文选题：产业转移 + 产业政策　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：工业化是现代文明最重要的标志,历史上的三次工业革命都是人类工业化的里程碑。每一次工业革命都对各国的主导产业和产业结构进行了深刻的调整,一方面这些国家在国内进行产业演进,另一方面也在国际间进行产业转移。尤其进入20世纪后半叶以后,东亚的产业转移过程更加集中和频繁,东亚各国的产业转移成为其快速崛起背后的动力。进入20世纪末,我国也加入了东亚的区域产业分工中,国际产业转移也对我国的经济发展和产业演进产生了巨大的影响,国际产业转移的研究对我国的产业结构转型有重要的参考意义。国内外学者对产业转移的研究大都兴起于日本战后的迅速崛起,特别在东亚新兴工业化地区快速发展以后,东亚产业转移更加成为一个热门话题。尤其是针对东亚产业转移提出的雁行模式理论引起了学者的广泛讨论,国内外学者也对产业生命周期以及国际直接投资进行了深入的研究。国际产业转移是一个宽泛的领域,本文将主要研究与我国相关的国际产业转移现象,分析这些现象的动因、规律及影响,寻找对我国产业结构调整的借鉴意义。本文对国际产业转移的研究首先从国际产业转移的动因和影响因素入手。对国际产业转移动因的研究分别从宏观、产业和微观三个角度出发。微观层面的动因最主要的是利润,产业内的企业会随着地区成本优势的变化对自己的区位选择作重新定位,或者直接转产来扭转成本劣势。产业层面的动因主要将从产品生命周期的角度和国际产业分工的角度来阐述。随着产业的不断深化发展,技术带来的利润越来越低,劳动成为主要的因素,产品随之完成生命周期,产业也将从本国转出来寻求更低的劳动成本。本文利用“微笑曲线”阐述国际分工格局和产业链的利润分布,并指出产业转移的变化是朝着产业链中高附加值的方向进行的。宏观层面主要从四个方面论述,分别是工业化程度层面、区域发展层面、宏观环境层面和国家利益层面,而这四个方面也是相互影响相互交错的。国际产业转移的影响因素是从政府、技术和区域发展这三个角度逐步展开分析,并重点论述了技术垄断对发达国家与欠发达国家的不同影响,即发达国家会进入技术创新的良性循环而欠发达国家会陷入资金匮乏的恶性循环。本文将回顾美国和东亚各国的产业转移历史并进行比较分析,同时运用相关理论进行归纳总结。经过分析和比较这些地区产业转移历史的之后,本文将归纳国际产业转移过程和产业演进过程的相似之处。同时进一步指出这是起因于产业演进和产业转移的相互关系,即各国产业演进阶段的不同造成了各地区之间发展速度的不同和区位优势的不同,进而形成了国际分工重新布局的需要。本文认为产业转移的阶段划分是存在一般规律的,并且也是和产业演进过程相互对应的。本文将着重分析东亚的产业转移过程,并深入研究日本及其邻国在雁行模式产业转移中的实践,以及我国参与东亚产业转移以后,东亚的产业转移格局出现的变化。由于产业转移和产业演进之间密切的联系,使一国能够通过国际产业转移快速地实现国内产业的高度化发展。本文进一步讨论了实现跨越式发展的可能性。经过本文的分析发现,在技术垄断、资本积累不足以及产业关联性等方面的作用下,要实现跨越式发展是相当困难的。本文通过对广西的产业发展历程,尤其是旅游业的发展进行了分析,以此为例证说明了我国要想实现跨越式发展会遇到的困难,从这个例证的分析中我们可以窥见我国在工业化发展过程中难以跳过必要的产业发展阶段。但本文也指出我们依然可以通过加快产业演进的步伐和加速产业结构升级的方法来实现对先进国家的追赶。国际产业转移对转出国和转入国都造成了积极和消极的影响,同时也促进了区域经济一体化的发展和国际贸易格局的深刻变革。对发达地区而言,国际产业转移能够促进本国的产业结构升级,同时也能够推动本国在技术上的不断创新并更好地利用比较优势。对发达国家不利的一面是可能造成产业空心化,尽管产业空心化没有一个统一的定论,我们还是可以在2008年全球金融危机爆发时看出其不利的影响。产业空心化最直接的后果就是造成失业率居高不下以及对外经贸的萎缩,本文就此分析了我国产业空心化形成的风险。对于欠发达地区而言,发达地区的产业在向欠发达地区转移时不仅能够加快该地区转移产业的发展,还会带动其关联产业的发展,从而进一步带动这一地区整体的产业演进。但是产业转入也会给该地区造成诸多不利的影响：产业高度化的发展必然带来该地区快速的城镇化,而快速的城镇化很有可能超过社会的承受限度,进而集中地爆发一些社会问题；一些高污染高耗能的企业转入一个地区也会造成这一地区坏境的污染和资源过度开发；加入世界贸易体系也会丧失一部分经济自主权。对于区域经济发展而言国际产业转移加快了区域一体化的速度,本文从国际产业转移对经济领域和非经济领域的影响阐明其对区域一体化的推动作用。对于国际贸易而言,国际产业转移最大的影响就是造成国际贸易的失衡。最后本文将提出相关的政策建议。首先,本文对政府应该在国际产业转移中扮演的角色进行了定位,并指出政府在国际产业转移浪潮中应该致力于基础设施建设和加强配套保障服务,也应该引导本地区优势产业的发展。为了解决跨越式发展的难题,我国应该通过加快产业演进步伐和加速产业结构转型来实现落后国家对先进国家的追赶。其次,本文提出了对我国产业政策的建议。当前我国的产业政策目标应该是建立东部发达地区和中西部欠发达地区梯次发展的产业格局,同时推进我国制造业高度化发展。本文以这个基本战略目标为基础,提出了一些具体的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Industrialization is the most important symbol of modern civilization. The three industrial revolution in history is a milestone in the industrialization of mankind. Each industrial revolution has made a profound adjustment to the leading industries and industrial structure of each country. On the one hand, these countries carry out industrial evolution at home, on the other hand, the industrial transfer is also carried out internationally. After the second half of twentieth Century, the process of industrial transfer in East Asia is more concentrated and frequent. The industrial transfer of East Asian countries has become the motive force behind its rapid rise. In the end of twentieth Century, China also joined the regional industrial division of labor in East Asia, and the international industrial transfer had a great influence on the economic development and industrial evolution of our country. The study of industrial transfer has an important reference significance for the transformation of industrial structure in China. The domestic and foreign scholars' research on industrial transfer has sprang up in Japan after the rapid rise of postwar, especially after the rapid development of the emerging industrial regions in East Asia, the industrial transfer of East Asia has become a hot topic. The theory of wild goose pattern has aroused extensive discussion by scholars. Scholars at home and abroad have also conducted in-depth studies on industrial life cycle and international direct investment. International industrial transfer is a broad field. This article will mainly study the related international industrial transfer phenomena and analyze the reasons, rules and effects of these phenomena. Looking for reference to the adjustment of China's industrial structure.
The study of international industry transfer begins with the motivation and influence factors of international industry transfer. The research on the motivation of international industry transfer is from three angles of macro, industrial and microcosmic. The main motive of the micro level is the profit. The enterprises in the industry will choose their own location with the change of the regional cost advantage. The motive of the industrial level is mainly from the angle of the product life cycle and the division of labor in the international industry. With the deepening and development of the industry, the profit of the technology is getting lower and the labor becomes the main factor. The product will complete the life cycle and the industry will also This paper uses the "smile curve" to explain the distribution of international division pattern and industrial chain, and points out that the change of industrial transfer is carried out in the direction of high value-added in the industrial chain. The macro level is mainly discussed from four aspects, the level of industrialization and the level of regional development, respectively. The four aspects of the macro environmental level and the national interest level are interlaced with each other. The influence factors of the international industrial transfer are from the three angles of government, technology and regional development, and the different effects of the technology monopoly on the developed countries and the less developed countries, that is, the developed countries will enter. The virtuous circle of technological innovation will lead to a vicious circle of capital shortage in less developed countries.
This paper will review the history of industrial transfer in the United States and East Asian countries and make a comparative analysis. At the same time, we will use relevant theories to sum up. After analyzing and comparing the history of industrial transfer in these regions, this paper will summarize the similarities between the process of international industrial transfer and the process of industrial evolution. The relationship between industry evolution and industrial transfer, that is, the different stages of industrial evolution in each country, has caused the difference in the speed of development and the difference of regional advantages between different regions, thus forming the need for the re layout of the international division of labor. This paper holds that the stage division of industrial transfer is a general rule, and is also the same as the process of industrial evolution. This article will focus on the analysis of the process of industrial transfer in East Asia, and further study the practice of Japan and its neighbouring countries in the industrial transfer of wild goose bank, as well as the changes in the pattern of industrial transfer in East Asia after China's participation in the transfer of East Asia industry. This paper further discusses the possibility of realizing leapfrog development. Through the analysis of this article, it is found that it is very difficult to achieve leapfrog development under the role of technical monopoly, insufficient capital accumulation and industrial relevance. This article is through the industry of Guangxi. The development process, especially the development of the tourism industry, is an example of the difficulties that our country wants to achieve by leaping development. From the analysis of this example, we can see that our country can not skip the necessary stage of industrial development in the process of industrial development. However, this article also points out that we can still pass the speed of acceleration. The pace of industrial evolution and the way to speed up the upgrading of industrial structure will help to catch up with the advanced countries.
The international industrial transfer has caused positive and negative effects on both the transfer and the transfer to the country. It also promotes the development of regional economic integration and the profound change in the pattern of international trade. For the developed regions, the international industrial transfer can promote the upgrading of its industrial structure, and also promote the continuous technological innovation in the country. The adverse side of the developed countries is the possible cause of the Industrial Hollowing. Although there is no unified conclusion of the Industrial Hollowing, we can see its adverse effects when the global financial crisis broke out in 2008. The most direct result of the Industrial Hollowing is the high unemployment rate and the external environment. This paper analyzes the risk of Industrial Hollowing in our country. For less developed areas, the industry of developed regions can not only accelerate the development of the transfer industry in this region, but also promote the development of its related industries, which will further promote the overall industrial evolution of the region. Industrial transfer will also cause a lot of adverse effects on the region: the development of industrial height will inevitably bring about the rapid urbanization in the region, and the rapid urbanization is likely to exceed the limit of the society, and then a number of social problems will be erupted centrally; some highly polluting and high energy enterprises will also be transferred into a region. The pollution of regional bad environment and overexploitation of resources and the loss of a part of economic autonomy will also be lost in the world trade system. For regional economic development, international industrial transfer accelerates the speed of regional integration. The impact of international industrial transfer on economic and non economic fields illustrates its role in promoting regional integration. For international trade, the biggest impact of international industrial transfer is the imbalance of international trade.
In the end, this article will put forward relevant policy suggestions. First, the government should position the role of the government in the international industry transfer, and point out that the government should devote itself to the construction of infrastructure and strengthen the supporting services in the wave of international industry transfer, and should also guide the development of the superior industry in the region. The problem of development is that our country should accelerate the pace of industrial evolution and accelerate the transformation of industrial structure to realize the pursuit of the advanced countries. Secondly, this paper puts forward the suggestion to China's industrial policy. The current industrial policy aim of our country should be to establish the industry of the developed regions in the East and the underdeveloped regions of the central and western regions. At the same time, we should promote the highly developed manufacturing industry in China. Based on this basic strategic objective, this paper puts forward some specific policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124;F113

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