中国高速铁路运营的减碳及经济环境互馈影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 02:57

  本文选题：高速铁路 + 碳排放　； 参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年09期

【摘要】：二氧化碳等温室气体排放备受世界关注,新形势下低碳发展成为中国发展路径的新选择,而高速铁路是长距离运输低碳化的具体体现。基于运营阶段的行车碳排放换算,综合考虑多种交通工具的实际运载能力、标准运行速度等指标,分析中国高速铁路行车运营的减碳效果及经济环境互馈影响。研究发现:(1)以单位运输能耗量及该能源的碳排放系数计算,中国高速铁路行车与其余交通运输方式相比具有显著减碳效果,其百公里人均碳排放量约为航空运输的1/5和高速公路运输的1/3,且随着中国能源结构的逐步优化,减碳效果将会愈发凸显。(2)结合中国旅客周转量比例进行折算,自2008年至2015年高速铁路运输累计减碳2 610万t,从空间上看,省域差距明显,高速铁路运输繁忙的京沪线及京广线沿线地区,成为2015年高速铁路行车运营减碳效果的高值区,亦由此呈现出带状聚邻的正空间自相关性。(3)高速铁路运营产生经济环境的良性互馈影响,一方面环境优化具有潜在经济效益,2008—2015年的减碳效果相当于降低碳交易成本逾10亿元,其绿色设计及应用也益于区域经济发展;另一方面高速铁路运营经济收益具有潜在环境补偿能力,2008—2015年累计对区域节能环保支出贡献逾30亿元,其中高值区以中国中部地区为主,空间分布呈斜T字型结构,其成因与地区节能环保支出占比、出行结构等因素相关。基于上述分析并结合中国发展的客观实际,提出合理增强高速铁路运输效能、继续优化能源供给结构等优化对策,以期从出行视角为中国低碳发展提供交通领域的理论支撑。
[Abstract]:Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have attracted the attention of the world. Under the new situation, low-carbon development has become a new choice for China's development path, and high-speed railway is the concrete embodiment of low-carbon long-distance transportation. Based on the conversion of driving carbon emissions in operation stage, considering the actual transportation capacity and standard operating speed of many kinds of vehicles, this paper analyzes the effect of carbon reduction and economic environment interaction of high-speed railway operation in China. The study found that based on the energy consumption per unit of transport and the carbon emission coefficient of the energy, China's high-speed railway traffic has a significant carbon reduction effect compared with the other modes of transportation. Its per capita carbon emissions of 100 km are about a fifth of that of air transportation and one-third of that of highway transport, and with the gradual optimization of China's energy structure, the carbon reduction effect will become more prominent. From 2008 to 2015, the total carbon reduction of high-speed railway transportation was 26.1 million tons. From the space perspective, the gap between provincial areas is obvious. The areas along the busy Beijing-Shanghai and Beijing-Guangzhou lines of high-speed railway transport have become the high-value areas for the carbon reduction effect of high-speed railway operations in 2015. It also presents the positive spatial autocorrelation of the zonal convergent neighbors. 3) the operation of the high-speed railway has a benign reciprocal effect on the economic environment. On the one hand, environmental optimization has potential economic benefits and the carbon reduction effect from 2008 to 2015 is equivalent to reducing carbon trading cost by more than 1 billion yuan, and its green design and application are also beneficial to regional economic development. On the other hand, the economic benefits of high-speed railway operation have the potential environmental compensation ability. From 2008 to 2015, it has contributed more than 3 billion yuan to the regional energy saving and environmental protection expenditure, in which the high value area is mainly in the central part of China, and the spatial distribution is inclined T-shaped structure. Its causes are related to the proportion of regional energy saving and environmental protection expenditure, travel structure and other factors. Based on the above analysis and the objective reality of China's development, this paper puts forward some optimization countermeasures, such as improving the efficiency of high-speed railway transportation and optimizing the energy supply structure, so as to provide theoretical support for the development of low-carbon transportation in China from the perspective of travel.
【作者单位】： 山东师范大学地理与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“高速交通对城市空间结构演变的影响与优化研究”(批准号:41371170) 山东省软科学计划项目“基于多元大数据的济南交通拥堵问题与优化对策研究”(批准号:2016RKB01438) 山东师范大学研究生科研创新基金“基于多元数据的高速交通与区域发展互动影响研究——以山东省为例”(批准号:SCX201727)
【分类号】：F124;F532;X322
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本文编号：2029335