华北平原区高等级公路路体绿化评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 19:44

本文选题：华北平原区 + 高等级公路　；参考：《北京林业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：高等级公路的建设在促进区域经济发展的同时,导致了公路沿线及周边自然景观的失调。因此,高等级公路路体绿化引起了各方面的关注,并且从生态、景观、安全等方面提出了更高要求。然而,目前关于高等级公路路体绿化的相关理论停留于单一方面,没有形成完整的理论体系。因此,开展高等级公路路体绿化评价研究,即系统提出关于高等级公路路体绿化的评价指标体系和评价方法,可为我国高等级公路路体绿化的建设发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。本研究运用层次分析法、主成分分析法等,从植物物种、植物配置、景观特征和整体效果四个方面分别构建了评价指标体系和评价方法,并选取华北平原区的京石高速北京段、京石高速河北段、石安高速和廊涿高速进行了实例评价。主要研究结果如下：(1)从生态适应性、生物学特性和综合效益3个方面构建了高等级公路路体绿化植物物种的评价指标体系。生态适应性包含耐寒性、耐旱性、耐贫瘠和耐光照4个评价指标；生物学特性包含根系固土能力、抗病虫能力和抗污染能力3个评价指标；综合效益包含观赏性、安全性、经济性和生态效益4个评价指标。以此对华北平原区高等级公路路体绿化常见的71种植物进行了评价与排序,总体表现为乔木藤本灌木草本；同时,对京石高速河北段中央分隔带的绿化植物做了实例分析。(2)从植物配置结构、植物配置活力和植物配置功效3个方面构建了高等级公路路体绿化植物配置的评价指标体系。植物配置结构包含物种多样性、生活型构成、种间效应和种间联结性4个评价指标；植物配置活力包含植被覆盖度、植被存活状况、植被生长状况和植被健康状况4个评价指标；植物配置功效包含生态功效、安全功效和景观功效3个评价指标。以此对华北平原区高等级公路路体绿化常见的13种植物配置模式进行了评价与排序,总体表现为：Ⅰ级的有侧柏型(Platycladus orientalis)、毛白杨+侧柏型(Populus tomentosa +Platycladus orientalis)、扶芳藤型(Euonymus fortunei)、紫穗槐+野牛草型(Amorpha fruticosa+Buchloe dactyloides)、爬山虎型(Parthenocisus tricuspidata)和天堂草+紫羊茅+小冠花型(Cynodon dactylon C.transadlensis'Tifdwarf' +Festuca rubra +Coronilla varia),占植物配置模式总数的46.15%；Ⅱ级的有毛白杨型、黄刺玫型(Rosa xanthina)、桧柏+紫薇型(Sabina chinensis +Lagerstroemia indica)型和桧柏+紫叶李型(Sabina chinensis +Prunus cerasifera),占植物配置模式总数的30.77%；Ⅲ级的有桧柏+丰花月季型(Sabina chinensis +Rosa hybrida)、桧柏+紫荆型(Sabina chinensis +Cercis chinensis)和桧柏+木槿型(Sabina chinensis +Hibiscus syriacus),占植物配置模式总数的23.08%。(3)以景观单元为评价对象,从景观特征、景观质量、视觉效果和植被环境4个方面构建了高等级公路路体绿化景观特征的评价指标体系。景观特征包含空间格局、协调性和其特性3个评价指标；景观质量包含完整性、安全性、敏感性和社会人文4个评价指标；视觉效果包含色彩、多样性和视觉吸引力3个评价指标；植被环境包含植被覆盖指数和环境状况2个评价指标。以此将京石高速河北段路体绿化划分为20个景观单元进行了评价,总体表现为：Ⅰ级景观单元4个,占景观单元总数的20%；Ⅱ级景观单元15个,占景观单元总数的75%；Ⅲ级景观单元1个,占景观单元总数的5%。(4)从环境、安全、景观和经济4个方面构建了高等级公路路体绿化整体效果的评价指标体系,环境包含绿化覆盖率、植物生长状况和绿量率3个评价指标。安全包含防眩能力、固土护坡、视觉引导和舒适度4个评价指标；景观包含景观格局、景观协调性和景观观赏度3个评价指标；经济包含建设成本和养护成本2个评价指标。以此对京石高速北京段、京石高速河北段、石安高速和廊涿高速路体绿化的整体效果进行了评价,总体表现为京石高速北京段(92.72分)廊涿高速(85.58分)石安高速(83.37分)京石高速河北段(80.02分),即京石高速北京段路体绿化整体效果为优,其他三条高速路体绿化整体效果均为良。
[Abstract]:The construction of high grade highway is promoting the development of regional economy, which leads to the imbalance of natural landscape along and around the road. Therefore, high grade highway road greening has aroused all aspects of attention, and raised higher requirements from the aspects of ecology, landscape, safety and so on. However, the related theories of high grade highway road greening are stopped at present. There is no complete theoretical system left in a single aspect. Therefore, to carry out the evaluation research on highway road greening of high-grade highway, that is, the evaluation index system and evaluation method of high grade road road greening can be put forward, which can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the construction and development of high grade highway road greening in China. The evaluation index system and evaluation method were constructed from four aspects: plant species, plant configuration, landscape feature and overall effect, and selected the Beijing section of Beijing Stone Expressway in North China Plain, Jingshi high speed Hebei section, Shian high speed and corridor Zhuo high speed. The main results are as follows: (1) from 3 aspects of ecological adaptability, biological characteristics and comprehensive benefits, the evaluation index system of high grade highway road body greening plant species is constructed. The ecological adaptability includes 4 evaluation indexes of cold tolerance, drought tolerance, barren and light tolerance, and the biological characteristics include the root soil consolidation ability, the ability to resist the disease and the insect and the ability to resist pollution 3. The comprehensive benefits include 4 evaluation indexes of ornamental, safety, economic and ecological benefits. In this regard, 71 common plants of high grade highway road greening in North China Plain are evaluated and sorted. The general performance is Arbor rattan shrub herb. At the same time, the greening plants in the central division of Hebei section of Jingshi high speed section have been made an example. (2) from 3 aspects of plant configuration, plant configuration vitality and plant configuration efficiency, the evaluation index system of high grade highway road body greening plant allocation is constructed. Plant configuration includes species diversity, life type, interspecific and interspecific association 4 evaluation indexes; plant configuration vitality includes vegetation coverage, vegetation 4 evaluation indexes of survival, vegetation growth and vegetation health, and 3 evaluation indexes of plant configuration efficacy including ecological efficacy, safety efficacy and landscape efficacy, which were evaluated and ordered for 13 plant configuration patterns common in high grade highway road greening in North China Plain, and the overall performance was the type I type of Platycladus orientalis type (Platycladus orientalis), Populus tomentosa + Platycladus orientalis (Populus tomentosa +Platycladus orientalis), Euonymus fortunei (Euonymus fortunei), Sophora japonica + wild grass type (Amorpha fruticosa+Buchloe dactyloides), Parthenocissus type (Parthenocisus) and vetch + fescue + small crown flower type '+Festuca rubra +Coronilla varia', accounting for 46.15% of the total plant configuration patterns; class II of white poplar, Rosa xanthina, juniper and Lagerstroemia (Sabina chinensis +Lagerstroemia indica) and juniper + purple leaf Li Xing (Sabina chinensis), accounting for 30.77% of the total plant configuration patterns; class III of the total. Chinese juniper + Sabina chinensis +Rosa hybrida, juniper + Bauhinia type (Sabina chinensis +Cercis chinensis) and juniper + Hibiscus + Hibiscus (Sabina chinensis +Hibiscus syriacus), accounting for the total number of plant configuration patterns (3), the landscape unit as the evaluation object, from the landscape features, landscape quality, visual effect and vegetation environment of 4 parties. The landscape features include 3 evaluation indexes of spatial pattern, coordination and its characteristics, and the landscape quality includes 4 evaluation indexes of integrity, safety, sensitivity and social humanities, and visual effects include 3 evaluation indexes, color, diversity and visual appeal; The environment includes 2 evaluation indexes of vegetation cover index and environmental condition. In this way, the virescence of Hebei section of Jingshi Expressway is divided into 20 landscape units. The overall performance is 4 landscape units, 20% of the total landscape units, 15 second grade landscape units, 75% of the total landscape unit, and 1 of grade III landscape units. 5%. (4) of the total landscape unit (4) constructed the evaluation index system for the overall effect of high grade highway road greening from 4 aspects of environment, safety, landscape and economy. The environment includes 3 evaluation indexes of green coverage rate, plant growth condition and green rate. The safety includes 4 evaluation indexes, such as anti glare ability, solid soil protection, visual guidance and comfort. The landscape includes 3 evaluation indexes of landscape pattern, landscape coordination and landscape ornamental degree, and the economy includes 2 evaluation indexes of construction cost and maintenance cost. The overall effect of Beijing Stone high-speed Beijing section, Jingshi high-speed Hebei section, Shian Expressway and corridor Zhuo Expressway body greening is evaluated, the overall performance is Beijing Stone high-speed Beijing section (92.72 The high speed (85.58) high speed (85.58) Shian high speed (83.37) Jingshi high speed Hebei section (80.02), that is, the overall effect of the Beijing section of Jingshi Expressway is excellent, and the whole effect of the other three highway body greening is good.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U418.9

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