社会网络、创业者认知偏差对创业风险识别的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 11:46

本文选题：社会网络 + 创业者认知偏差　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：创业活动可以推动创新、促进国家和区域经济的发展，是一个全球性的重要议题。我国的创业活动逐渐活跃，在国内经济增长中发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而，，新创企业的失败率却居高不下。研究发现，创业风险是导致创业失败的主要原因之一，如何有效地识别创业风险是新创企业健康成长的关键，也是当前创业研究最应关注的重要课题之一。有效的风险识别取决于创业者从外部环境获取的风险因素以及创业者的分析能力。社会网络（Social Network）之中蕴含着丰富的信息，是创业者获取相关资源的主要渠道，甚至是获取某些稀缺资源和重要信息的唯一途径。不同的社会网络中蕴含的风险信息资源数量和质量上的差异性，会对创业风险识别的效果产生直接影响。同时，不同的创业者在认知偏差水平上存在差异，对资源与信息有着不同的解读和判断（Entrepreneurial Cognition），这会使创业者在拥有相同社会网络的情况下产生不同的风险识别效果。但是，现有研究多集中在对风险识别的内容与方法的探讨上，对创业者认知的研究不足，也缺少有效的理论模型对社会网络、创业者认知偏差在创业风险识别过程中的具体作用进行解释。因此，未能为创业者提供一个良好的实践指导，使其及时地识别风险从而避免创业失败。在相关研究的基础上，本研究根据社会认知理论，将影响创业风险识别的外部因素（社会网络）与内部因素（创业者认知偏差）纳入同一个分析框架，构建“社会网络—创业者认知偏差—创业风险识别”的理论模型，探讨社会网络的不同纬度对创业风险识别的影响效果，同时分析不同创业者认知偏差水平产生的效果差异，并进行实证检验，以进一步解释社会网络是否、以及在哪些条件下对创业风险识别产生影响，增强创业风险管理理论的解释效力与实践意义。在理论研究的基础上，本研究以新创企业的创业者为调查对象，进行问卷的开发与论证，并采用多元层次回归分析法进行检验，研究发现：社会网络的三个维度网络规模、网络强度和结构洞均对创业风险的识别具有显著的正向影响，拥有丰富资源的社会网络往往更有利于风险的识别。创业者的认知偏差水平对创业风险识别的过程存在着负向调节作用，认知偏差水平越高的创业者越容易受心理惰性的影响，采取直观的认知方式，忽视所获取资源和信息中的风险信息，导致识别出的风险数量较少。本研究的成果进一步明晰了社会网络、创业者认知偏差对创业风险识别的影响机理，有助于启发创业者与创业企业更加合理有效地面对风险，进一步丰富和完善了创业风险管理理论，弥补了以往研究的不足，对于提高创业风险的识别效率与推动创业活动的发展均具有突出的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Entrepreneurship can promote innovation and promote national and regional economic development. It is an important global issue. China's entrepreneurial activities are gradually active, playing a pivotal role in domestic economic growth. However, the failure rate of new enterprises is high. It is found that entrepreneurial risk is one of the main causes of entrepreneurial failure. How to effectively identify entrepreneurial risk is the key to the healthy growth of new enterprises, and it is also one of the most important topics that should be paid attention to in current entrepreneurship research. Effective risk identification depends on the risk factors acquired by the entrepreneur from the external environment and his analytical ability. Social Network contains abundant information, which is the main channel for entrepreneurs to obtain related resources, and even the only way to obtain some scarce resources and important information. The difference in quantity and quality of risk information resources contained in different social networks will have a direct impact on the effectiveness of entrepreneurial risk identification. At the same time, different entrepreneurs have different cognitive bias levels, and have different interpretation and judgment on resources and information, which will make entrepreneurs have different risk identification effects under the same social network. However, most of the existing studies focus on the content and methods of risk identification, lack of research on entrepreneurs' cognition, and lack of effective theoretical models for social networks. Entrepreneur cognitive bias in the process of entrepreneurial risk identification to explain the specific role. Therefore, failed to provide a good practical guidance for entrepreneurs to identify risks in time to avoid entrepreneurial failure. On the basis of relevant research, according to the theory of social cognition, the external factors (social network) and internal factors (cognitive bias of entrepreneurs) that affect entrepreneurial risk identification are included in the same analytical framework. This paper constructs a theoretical model of "Social Network-Entrepreneur Cognitive bias-Entrepreneurial risk Identification", discusses the effects of different social networks on entrepreneurial risk identification, and analyzes the differences in the effects of different entrepreneurs' cognitive bias levels. An empirical test is carried out to further explain whether and under what conditions social networks have an impact on entrepreneurial risk identification and to enhance the explanatory effectiveness and practical significance of entrepreneurial risk management theory. On the basis of the theoretical research, this research takes the entrepreneurs of the new enterprises as the research object, carries on the questionnaire development and the demonstration, and uses the multivariate level regression analysis method to carry on the test, the research finds: the social network three dimensions network scale, Both the network strength and the structure hole have a significant positive impact on the identification of entrepreneurial risks, and social networks with abundant resources are often more conducive to risk identification. The level of cognitive bias of entrepreneurs has a negative adjustment effect on the process of entrepreneurial risk identification. The higher the level of cognitive bias, the more vulnerable entrepreneurs are to the influence of psychological inertia. Ignoring the risk information in the acquired resources and information leads to fewer identified risks. The results of this study further clarify the social network, the impact mechanism of entrepreneurial cognitive bias on entrepreneurial risk identification, which is helpful to inspire entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial enterprises to face risks more reasonably and effectively. It further enriches and perfects the theory of venture risk management and makes up for the deficiency of previous research. It is of great practical significance for improving the efficiency of identifying entrepreneurial risks and promoting the development of entrepreneurial activities.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F272

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