社会变迁视野下中产阶层划分标准研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 17:22

【摘要】：西方工业社会发展规律表明，中产阶层规模的大小是衡量一个国家现代化程度和文明程度的重要指标，具有极其重要的社会结构意义。改革开放以来，我国居民内部分化明显，社会结构发展趋势有待探究，，学界研究中产阶层的热情被点燃。中产阶层是一个不断变化的社会动态变量，对中产阶层的定位和划分标准一直是研究中产阶层重点、难点。但在这一点上，目前学界还没有形成较为统一的看法。在对文献进行梳理后发现，以往的研究不仅缺少对中产阶层划分标准的系统性研究，还存在简单借鉴西方研究理论和方法的现象。因此探索适合中国国情的中产阶层划分标准，成为本研究的主要内容。本文在梳理了国内外相关研究的基础上，结合我国正处在社会转型的关键时期，提出要在社会变迁的视角下把握中产阶层划分标准，站在等级社会分层观的立场认识中产阶层，选择中产阶层划分标准。结合前人研究成果，认为中产阶层是社会地位处在社会结构中间位置的那部分群体，用家庭消费水平代替家庭年均收入水平，将消费水平和职业类型、学历水平作为划分中产阶层的三大指标。结合我国正处在剧烈变迁的时代背景，本文假设，社会整体性差异、时间变化和社会结构差异会通过分别作用于区域经济结构、不同时代居民学历水平和劳动力市场的分割影响到中产阶层的划分标准，表现在使用不同标准划分中产阶层，中产阶层规模不同。本文使用CGSS2010年的调查数据对本文的观点和假设进行了验证，结果证明了用消费标准代替收入标准划分中产阶层的可靠性，发现了中产阶层的本土化特征，否定了以往用职业、消费或学历等单一因素或者在这三个因素叠加下划分中产阶层的准确性，指出居民只要满足上述三种因素中的任意两种就可以当中产阶层来对待。证明不同地区产业结构发展程度会显著影响到中产阶层规模，区域经济结构和不同年龄段居民学历水平虽然不会显著影响到我国的中产阶层规模，但是对我国社会分层结构影响显著。从整体上证实了本文的研究假设，为继续讨论消费、职业和学历水平对我国社会分层、流动的影响留下了很大的空间。按照本文提出的标准划分中产阶层，发现我国当前社会分层结构正处在由传统金字塔型向现代橄榄型转变的过渡时期，呈“梯形”状，产业结构对促进中产阶层发展作用明显，我国应继续加快转变经济发展方式和产业结构调整，以推进社会建设事业的发展。
[Abstract]:The law of western industrial and social development shows that the size of middle class is an important index to measure the degree of modernization and civilization of a country, and has extremely important social structure significance. Since the reform and opening up, the internal division of Chinese residents is obvious, the development trend of social structure needs to be explored, and the enthusiasm of academic research on the middle class has been ignited. The middle class is a constantly changing social dynamic variable. But at this point, the academic community has not yet formed a more unified view. After combing the literature, it is found that the previous studies are not only lack of systematic research on the criteria of middle class division, but also the phenomenon of drawing lessons from western research theories and methods. Therefore, it is the main content of this study to explore the criteria of middle-class classification suitable for China's national conditions. On the basis of combing the relevant research at home and abroad and combining with the critical period of social transformation in China, this paper puts forward that we should grasp the standard of middle class division from the perspective of social change, and recognize middle class from the standpoint of stratification view of hierarchical society. Select the criteria for middle class division. Combined with the previous research results, the middle class is considered to be the group whose social status is in the middle of the social structure. The average annual income of the family is replaced by the level of household consumption, and the level of consumption and occupation are classified. Education level as a division of the middle class of the three indicators. Considering that our country is in the background of drastic changes, this paper assumes that the differences of social integrity, time and social structure will act on the regional economic structure separately. The educational level of residents in different times and the division of labor market affect the standard of the middle class, which is manifested in the use of different standards to divide the middle class and the scale of the middle class. This paper uses the survey data of CGSS2010 year to verify the viewpoint and hypothesis of this paper. The result proves the reliability of dividing middle class with consumption standard instead of income standard, finds the localization characteristic of middle class, and negates the former occupation. The accuracy of dividing the middle class by single factors such as consumption or education or under the superposition of these three factors points out that residents can be treated as middle class as long as they satisfy any two of the above three factors. It is proved that the development of industrial structure in different regions will significantly affect the scale of the middle class, while the regional economic structure and the educational level of residents of different age groups will not significantly affect the scale of the middle class in China. However, it has a significant influence on the social stratification structure of our country. The hypothesis of this paper is confirmed as a whole, leaving a great space for further discussion on the influence of consumption, occupation and educational level on social stratification and mobility in China. According to the standard proposed in this paper, it is found that the current social stratification structure of our country is in the transition period from traditional pyramid type to modern olive type, with the shape of "trapezoid", and the role of industrial structure in promoting the development of middle class is obvious. China should continue to speed up the transformation of economic development mode and industrial structure adjustment in order to promote the development of social construction.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D663

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