中国农业科技园区创新机制研究
发布时间：2018-08-29 07:32
【摘要】：农业科技园区作为发展现代农业的载体,是制度变迁和制度创新的产物。我国自1989年在山东禹城开始探索建立农业高新技术园区诱导中国农村经济振兴的道路以来,陆续在北京、上海和广州等经济发达地区开始区域性的实践,在可行的基础上,国家科技部联合六部委在全国分五批批准建设了118个国家级农业科技园区。目前,我国农业科技园区的发展对整合区域自然资源和社会资源,用现代农业和知识农业的理念调整农业产业结构、改变经济增长方式,带动农民增收和促进农民和谐就业,促进区域体制机制创新等方面起到了非常重要的作用。但是,农业科技园区作为新生事物,是我国农村生产关系和生产力的重大变革,对其引起的体制机制变革进行创新性探索已经成为一项重要的课题。 本文在对国内外农业科技园区相关文献研究的基础上,首先从产业集群理论、两次农业现代化理论、增长极理论、农业技术创新与扩散理论等理论角度分析了农业科技园区对促进区域经济发展和区域创新网络形成的重要作用；然后从产业化经营机制创新、科技机制创新、管理机制创新、土地利用机制创新和投融资机制创新的角度对农业科技园区的创新机制进行了深入的研究,旨在建立起农业科技园区动态的网络合作创新机制；最后以内蒙古和林格尔国家农业科技园区建设和发展的实践为例,指出了农业科技园区发展中面临的主要问题和实现体制机制创新应采取的对策。 本文主要就五方面的机制创新提出了建议： (1)在前人研究基础上发展了农业科技园区创新的概念,提出了农业科技创新已经从企业创新发展到网络创新,进而指出农业科技园区对区域创新网络建设的重要意义。 (2)提出了农业科技园区应该与区域内农业产业园区和农业开发区协作创新。农业科技园区以农业高新技术集成创新、示范和推广的宗旨决定其具有较强的公益性,不能完全用经济效益和规模经营来衡量园区的发展绩效。然而不搞产业化经营,又会出现农民和园区高技术对接难、高科技成果转化率低和经济效益低,难以激发农民的参与动力。农业科技园区可依托产业园区的发展基础,实现从科技园区到产业园区再到农民的技术传播路径。 (3)提出了大力发展现代服务业,以现代服务业引领现代农业,来促进我国农业科技园区科技创新和产业结构升级。农业科技园区技术创新是多主体合作的网络创新,科技中介的桥梁作用非常突出。现代服务业可以为科技中介的发展提供技术、制度和政策环境,也能促进创新主体的积聚和相互学习机制的形成,从而为农业科技园区科技创新提供持续的动力。 (4)提出多元主体共管的网络治理模式是农业科技园区的目标管理模式。以单一的政府管理模式为主的模式在园区建设和发展的初期阶段非常适用,但随着园区进入新的发展阶段,单一政府管理模式会降低园区的管理效率。农业科技园区的管理模式要根据园区的发展阶段、区域市场发育状况以及社会组织的实力来适时调整。 (5)提出了土地利用机制创新的途径。土地利用机制是土地制度创新的核心,对园区的公益性建设用地应以高于市场价格的补偿价格征用,一方面使土地及其地上建筑具有融资功能,另一方面可减少农地浪费,避免农民的土地权益流失。园区的生产性用地应选择合作的方式进行土地集中。
[Abstract]:As the carrier of developing modern agriculture, agricultural science and technology park is the product of institutional change and institutional innovation. Since 1989, China began to explore the road of establishing agricultural high-tech park in Yucheng, Shandong Province to induce China's rural economic revitalization, regional practice has begun in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and other economically developed areas, which is feasible. At present, the development of agricultural science and Technology Parks in China has brought about the integration of regional natural resources and social resources, the adjustment of agricultural structure with the concept of modern agriculture and knowledge-based agriculture, the change of economic growth mode and the increase of farmers. However, as a new thing, agricultural science and technology park is a major change in the rural production relations and productivity in China. It has become an important subject to explore the innovation of the system and mechanism caused by it.
On the basis of the research on the relevant literature of agricultural science and Technology Parks at home and abroad, this paper firstly analyzes the important role of agricultural science and Technology Parks in promoting regional economic development and forming regional innovation network from the theoretical perspectives of industrial cluster theory, twice agricultural modernization theory, growth pole theory, agricultural technology innovation and diffusion theory, etc. The innovation mechanism of agricultural science and technology park is studied from the angles of industrialization management mechanism innovation, science and technology mechanism innovation, management mechanism innovation, land use mechanism innovation and investment and financing mechanism innovation, aiming at establishing the dynamic network cooperation and innovation mechanism of agricultural science and technology park; finally, the National Agriculture Department of Inner Mongolia and Linger Taking the construction and development of technology parks as an example, this paper points out the main problems in the development of agricultural science and technology parks and the countermeasures to realize the innovation of system and mechanism.
This article mainly puts forward suggestions on five aspects of mechanism innovation:
(1) On the basis of previous studies, the concept of innovation of agricultural science and Technology Park was developed, and the innovation of agricultural science and technology park has been developed from enterprise innovation to network innovation.
(2) Agricultural science and technology parks should cooperate with agricultural industrial parks and agricultural development zones in the region. Agricultural science and technology parks have strong public welfare because of the purpose of integrated innovation, demonstration and promotion of agricultural high and new technology. They can not measure the development performance of the parks entirely by economic benefits and scale management. The agricultural science and technology park can rely on the development foundation of the industrial park to realize the technological communication path from the science and technology park to the industrial park and then to the farmers.
(3) It is proposed that modern service industry should be vigorously developed and modern agriculture should be led by modern service industry to promote scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading of agricultural science and Technology Parks in China. Technological, institutional and policy environments can also promote the accumulation of innovation subjects and the formation of mutual learning mechanisms, thus providing sustained impetus for scientific and technological innovation in agricultural science and technology parks.
(4) It is proposed that the network management mode of multi-subject co-management is the objective management mode of the agricultural science and technology park. The single government management mode is very suitable for the initial stage of the park construction and development, but with the park entering a new stage of development, the single government management mode will reduce the management efficiency of the park. The management mode of the district should be adjusted according to the development stage of the park, the development of regional market and the strength of social organizations.
(5) The way of land use mechanism innovation is put forward. Land use mechanism is the core of land system innovation. The public welfare construction land in the park should be expropriated at a compensation price higher than the market price. On the one hand, the land and its above-ground buildings can have financing function, on the other hand, the waste of farmland can be reduced, and the loss of farmers'land rights and interests can be avoided. The productive land of the park should choose a cooperative way to concentrate the land.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.3
本文编号：2210618
[Abstract]:As the carrier of developing modern agriculture, agricultural science and technology park is the product of institutional change and institutional innovation. Since 1989, China began to explore the road of establishing agricultural high-tech park in Yucheng, Shandong Province to induce China's rural economic revitalization, regional practice has begun in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and other economically developed areas, which is feasible. At present, the development of agricultural science and Technology Parks in China has brought about the integration of regional natural resources and social resources, the adjustment of agricultural structure with the concept of modern agriculture and knowledge-based agriculture, the change of economic growth mode and the increase of farmers. However, as a new thing, agricultural science and technology park is a major change in the rural production relations and productivity in China. It has become an important subject to explore the innovation of the system and mechanism caused by it.
On the basis of the research on the relevant literature of agricultural science and Technology Parks at home and abroad, this paper firstly analyzes the important role of agricultural science and Technology Parks in promoting regional economic development and forming regional innovation network from the theoretical perspectives of industrial cluster theory, twice agricultural modernization theory, growth pole theory, agricultural technology innovation and diffusion theory, etc. The innovation mechanism of agricultural science and technology park is studied from the angles of industrialization management mechanism innovation, science and technology mechanism innovation, management mechanism innovation, land use mechanism innovation and investment and financing mechanism innovation, aiming at establishing the dynamic network cooperation and innovation mechanism of agricultural science and technology park; finally, the National Agriculture Department of Inner Mongolia and Linger Taking the construction and development of technology parks as an example, this paper points out the main problems in the development of agricultural science and technology parks and the countermeasures to realize the innovation of system and mechanism.
This article mainly puts forward suggestions on five aspects of mechanism innovation:
(1) On the basis of previous studies, the concept of innovation of agricultural science and Technology Park was developed, and the innovation of agricultural science and technology park has been developed from enterprise innovation to network innovation.
(2) Agricultural science and technology parks should cooperate with agricultural industrial parks and agricultural development zones in the region. Agricultural science and technology parks have strong public welfare because of the purpose of integrated innovation, demonstration and promotion of agricultural high and new technology. They can not measure the development performance of the parks entirely by economic benefits and scale management. The agricultural science and technology park can rely on the development foundation of the industrial park to realize the technological communication path from the science and technology park to the industrial park and then to the farmers.
(3) It is proposed that modern service industry should be vigorously developed and modern agriculture should be led by modern service industry to promote scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading of agricultural science and Technology Parks in China. Technological, institutional and policy environments can also promote the accumulation of innovation subjects and the formation of mutual learning mechanisms, thus providing sustained impetus for scientific and technological innovation in agricultural science and technology parks.
(4) It is proposed that the network management mode of multi-subject co-management is the objective management mode of the agricultural science and technology park. The single government management mode is very suitable for the initial stage of the park construction and development, but with the park entering a new stage of development, the single government management mode will reduce the management efficiency of the park. The management mode of the district should be adjusted according to the development stage of the park, the development of regional market and the strength of social organizations.
(5) The way of land use mechanism innovation is put forward. Land use mechanism is the core of land system innovation. The public welfare construction land in the park should be expropriated at a compensation price higher than the market price. On the one hand, the land and its above-ground buildings can have financing function, on the other hand, the waste of farmland can be reduced, and the loss of farmers'land rights and interests can be avoided. The productive land of the park should choose a cooperative way to concentrate the land.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.3
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