基于GIS和Fragstats的团结镇景观格局优化研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 07:02

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国进入快速城镇化时期,在推动了社会经济高速发展的同时,也不可避免地引发了城市景观格局和生态过程的变化,产生了一系列生态和社会经济的后果,严重地影响城市进一步发展。从景观生态学角度来看,城市所面临的环境污染、生态破坏、交通堵塞、热岛效应等问题,大多是由于城镇景观的组成、结构和格局不合理,景观要素间在结构、功能和空间关系等方面不协调造成的。因此,研究小城镇景观结构和生态功能特征,对于揭示景观演替的机制和规律,预测城市复杂生态系统的演变趋势,建立可持续的城镇化发展模式具有重要意义。本文从景观生态学的角度,通过比较不同景观斑块的特征和它们的变化等方式,研究景观结构组成特征和空间配置关系,发现景观空间格局存在的问题。采用文献收集、实地调研、定量分析、空间叠加与软件分析的研究方法和思路,对团结镇基础资料进行详细汇总并进行深入分析,为研究团结镇景观格局的优化提供条件。在景观空间格局分析过程中,以团结镇土地利用数据库的数据为基础,在GIS技术平台的支持下,首先根据景观分类原则对土地利用现状图进行重新分类,生成团结镇的景观斑块类型图。然后通过运用Fragstats软件计算对团结镇景观空间结构进行定量分析,根据量化数据总结景观空间格局存在的问题以及分析形成原因。最后,在生态敏感性和生态适宜度评价分析结果的基础上,对团结镇进行生态功能分析,结合团结镇总体规划对土地类型的整理以及产业功能布局的调整,进行团结镇景观生态功能分区优化以及景观空间结构设计,使土地利用空间格局、自然生态环境与区域的经济发展相协调,实现团结镇景观空间格局优化的目标。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has entered a period of rapid urbanization, which not only promotes the rapid development of social economy, but also inevitably leads to the change of urban landscape pattern and ecological process, which has produced a series of ecological and social economic consequences. The further development of the city is seriously affected. From the point of view of landscape ecology, the environmental pollution, ecological destruction, traffic jam, heat island effect and other problems that cities face are mostly due to the composition, structure and pattern of urban landscape, and the structure of landscape elements. The function and the space relation and so on aspect does not coordinate causes. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the characteristics of landscape structure and ecological function of small towns in order to reveal the mechanism and law of landscape succession, predict the evolution trend of urban complex ecosystem, and establish a sustainable urbanization development model. From the point of view of landscape ecology, by comparing the characteristics of different landscape patches and their changes, this paper studies the relationship between the composition of landscape structure and spatial allocation, and finds out the problems of landscape spatial pattern. Based on the methods and ideas of literature collection, field investigation, quantitative analysis, spatial superposition and software analysis, the basic data of Tuanjie Town are summarized and analyzed in detail, which provides the conditions for the optimization of the landscape pattern of Tuanjie Town. In the process of landscape spatial pattern analysis, based on the data of land use database in Tuanjie Town, with the support of GIS technology platform, firstly, according to the principle of landscape classification, the land use status map is reclassified. Generate the landscape patch type map of Tuanjie Town. Then the landscape spatial structure of Tuanjie Town is quantitatively analyzed by using Fragstats software, and the problems existing in the landscape spatial pattern are summarized according to the quantitative data and the reasons for the formation are analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the results of ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability evaluation, this paper analyzes the ecological function of Tuanjie Town, and combines the overall planning of Tuanjie Town with the arrangement of land types and the adjustment of industrial function layout. In order to coordinate the land use spatial pattern, natural ecological environment and regional economic development, the optimization of landscape ecological function of Tuanjie Town and the design of landscape spatial structure are carried out, so as to realize the goal of optimizing the landscape spatial pattern of Tuanjie Town.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.1

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