产业链视角下FDI对山西煤炭产业升级的影响

发布时间：2018-09-09 08:58

【摘要】：中国经济快速发展的30年里，出口一直是中国经济增长的关键因素，但是金融危机爆发后，全球经济触底。后金融危机时代造成全球性产能过剩，依靠低成本优势的中国产品正在逐渐丧失竞争力。目前，推动经济转型升级，是破解我国经济发展矛盾和难题的内在要求，而本文的研究对于资源型区域山西的产业升级、经济转型及跨越发展具有重要的现实意义，对于研究目前缩小我国区域经济发展差距、促进其经济增长方式转变具有较为明显的理论价值。虽然中国经济基本上延续了东亚经济外向型的发展模式，但是中国经济发展不同于东亚各国的主要特点在于其将广阔的国内市场同高水平的FDI联系起来。因此，本文要解决的首要问题是FDI是否有利于中国产业结构升级？据此，我们首先介绍FDI促进中国产业转型升级的国内背景，并提出了FDI促进东道国（地区）产业结构升级的作用机理。第二部分，我们将这种作用机理应用于山西煤炭产业，这主要通过两步来完成，首先，通过构建煤炭产业链提出山西煤炭产业升级的路径，基于四位数产业分类构建的煤炭产业链如何通过吸引外资促进山西煤炭产业转型升级是我们考虑的重点。其次，基于本土市场外资与本土企业的动态竞争机制，将FDI促进产业升级的作用机理应用于山西煤炭产业，虽然外资对于山西省煤炭产业的影响相较于对其他行业的影响较小，但这并不代表其不适用于煤炭行业，外资对煤炭产业的影响不是直接实现的，而是通过其上游产业来实现的。首先煤炭产业机械化程度的提高，，加大了装备制造业尤其是煤机设备的需求，同时这样吸引外商直接投资进入，FDI入晋强化了竞争机制，处在低端的本土企业为了在竞争中取胜，积极提高技术，实现产品升级。而外资企业降低成本以扩大自己的市场份额。上述理论的构建不足以得出外资促进煤炭产业结构升级的结论，因此本文第三部分的重点着眼于外资对产业结构升级的实证分析，实证部分采用回归分析，利用中介传导模型，验证FDI的中间传导机制。被解释变量拟定为专用设备制造业人均产值，解释变量为煤炭行业的机械化程度，本文用煤炭行业的劳动生产率替代；中间变量为人均FDI。另外为了弥补外资本土竞争机制方面实证的不足，我们以太重煤机企业为例进行了案例分析。通过上述实证分析我们初步得出，煤炭劳动生产率对人均FDI的影响显著，同时煤炭劳动生产率的提高也促进了专用设备制造业的产值。但是FDI的中介作用甚微，一方面，数据缺乏，没有分行业FDI，不能进行精确分析。另一方面山西引进外资相对较少，FDI产生的作用较小。
[Abstract]:Exports have been a key factor in China's economic growth for three decades, but the global economy bottomed out after the financial crisis. After the financial crisis, the global overcapacity caused by the low-cost advantage of Chinese products are gradually losing competitiveness. At present, promoting the economic transformation and upgrading is the internal requirement to solve the contradictions and problems in the economic development of our country, and the research in this paper has important practical significance for the industrial upgrading, economic transformation and leapfrog development of the resource-based region of Shanxi. It is of great theoretical value to study how to narrow the gap of regional economic development and promote the transformation of economic growth mode. Although China's economy basically continues the export-oriented development model of East Asian economy, the main characteristic of China's economic development differs from that of East Asian countries is that it connects the vast domestic market with the high level of FDI. Therefore, the first question to be solved in this paper is whether FDI is conducive to the upgrading of China's industrial structure. Based on this, we first introduce the domestic background of FDI to promote the industrial transformation and upgrading in China, and propose the mechanism of FDI promoting the upgrading of industrial structure of host country (region). In the second part, we apply this mechanism to Shanxi coal industry, which is mainly accomplished in two steps. Firstly, by constructing the coal industry chain, we put forward the path of Shanxi coal industry upgrading. How to promote the transformation and upgrading of Shanxi coal industry by attracting foreign capital is the key point of the coal industry chain based on the classification of four digit industries. Secondly, based on the dynamic competition mechanism between foreign capital and local enterprises in local market, the mechanism of FDI promoting industrial upgrading is applied to Shanxi coal industry, although the influence of foreign capital on Shanxi coal industry is smaller than that on other industries. But this does not mean that it does not apply to the coal industry, the foreign investment impact on the coal industry is not directly realized, but through its upstream industry to achieve. First of all, the mechanization of the coal industry has increased the demand for the equipment manufacturing industry, especially the coal machinery equipment. At the same time, the competition mechanism has been strengthened by attracting foreign direct investment into China and strengthening the competition mechanism. In order to win in the competition, the local enterprises at the low end will win in the competition. Actively improve technology to achieve product upgrading. Foreign companies cut costs to expand their market share. The construction of the above theory is not enough to draw the conclusion that foreign investment promotes the upgrading of coal industry structure. Therefore, the third part of this paper focuses on the empirical analysis of foreign capital on industrial structure upgrading, and the empirical part adopts regression analysis, using intermediary conduction model. The intermediate conduction mechanism of FDI was verified. The explained variable is defined as the per capita output value of the special equipment manufacturing industry, and the explanatory variable is the degree of mechanization of the coal industry. In this paper, the labor productivity of the coal industry is substituted; the intermediate variable is the per capita FDI.. In addition, in order to make up for the deficiency of the local competition mechanism of foreign capital, we take too heavy coal machine enterprise as an example to carry on the case analysis. Through the above empirical analysis we draw a preliminary conclusion that the coal labor productivity has a significant impact on the per capita FDI and the increase of the coal labor productivity also promotes the output value of the special equipment manufacturing industry. On the one hand, the lack of data, no industry FDI, can not be accurately analyzed. On the other hand, the effect of FDI in Shanxi is relatively small.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.6;F426.21

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