循化孟达国家级自然保护区人类活动干扰状况遥感监测研究
发布时间：2018-10-25 15:40
【摘要】：自然保护区是人类为了保持生态平衡,保护珍稀动植物及其赖以生存的自然环境而建立的保护性的区域。它为人类提供生态系统的天然“本底”,提供科学试验的研究场所,对于人类意义重大。然而,由于自然保护区的保护力度不够,人类活动对保护区生态环境干扰加剧。因此,对自然保护区人类活动干扰进行监测进而分析其动态变化规律,对自然保护区生态环境保护状况监管及其周边区域环境保护措施的指定都具有重大意义。为了加强对自然保护区人类活动干扰信息的监测,论文采用高分辨率卫星影像作为数据源,在分析各种监测手段优缺点的基础上,构建了一套基于面向对象的自然保护区人类活动干扰信息提取方法。用该方法提取了循化孟达自然保护区人类活动干扰信息,并取得了较高的精度,其中总体精度达89.14%,kappa系数达0.82,满足研究需求。论文以此基础对循化孟达国家级自然保护区人类活动干扰空间分布及其动态变化进行了分析。通过现状分析发现:循化孟达自然保护区2012年人类活动干扰面积达5.83平方千米,2014年达4.45平方千米,分别占保护区总面积的3.41%和2.60%。循化孟达自然保护区2012年和2014年人类活动干扰都保持在较低水平。通过变化分析发现2012年到2014年循化孟达自然保护区人类活动干扰总体上减少,但在局部地区—核心区增加。这些说明循化孟达自然保护区生态环境在2012年到2014年基本保持良好。为了进一步探究循化孟达自然保护区人类活动干扰总体上有所减少,保护区核心区的人类活动有所增加的原因,论文结合区域经济发展状况推测出核心区人类活动干扰增加的原因是该保护区既属于生态环境类型的自然保护区又属于公园型的保护区;青海省及循化县对旅游的重视和投入,以及循化孟达自然保护区基础设施的完善,使得该保护区的旅游人口增加。为了进一步探索循化孟达自然保护区人类活动干扰分布规律,论文利用自相关分析的方法分析了面积发生变化的人类活动干扰之间的相关性,其结果表明人类活动干扰不同类型之间呈显著聚类,而与其自身的相关性微弱,呈离散分布。说明这些人类活动干扰以组团的形式散布于保护区之中。为了将研究结果应用于实践,并服务于环境保护部门,论文最后结合自然保护区评价的相关知识建立了人类活动干扰动态监测模型。在运用GIS组件开发技术和数据库技术的基础上,研发了循化孟达国家级自然保护区人类活动干扰监测系统。该系统的主要功能有:分割、分类、现状统计、变化统计、变化分析等自然保护区模块功能;以及制作专题图、简报、业务化等业务功能。
[Abstract]:Nature reserve is a protective area established by human beings in order to maintain ecological balance, protect rare animals and plants and the natural environment on which they live. It provides the natural "background" for human ecosystem and the research place for scientific experiment, which is of great significance to human beings. However, due to the insufficient protection of nature reserves, human activities on the ecological environment of the reserve intensified. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the disturbance of human activities in nature reserve and analyze its dynamic change law, which is of great significance to the regulation of ecological environment protection situation of nature reserve and the designation of environmental protection measures in the surrounding area. In order to strengthen the monitoring of the disturbance information of human activities in nature reserves, high resolution satellite image is used as the data source, and on the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various monitoring methods, A set of object-oriented information extraction method for human activities interference in nature reserves is proposed. By using this method, the interference information of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua was extracted, and a high precision was obtained, in which the overall accuracy was 89.14 and the coefficient of kappa was 0.82which met the research needs. On this basis, the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of human activities disturbance in Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua are analyzed. It is found that the disturbance area of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua reached 5.83 square km in 2012 and 4.45 square km in 2014, accounting for 3.41% and 2.60% of the total area of the reserve, respectively. The Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua remained at low levels in 2012 and 2014. From 2012 to 2014, the disturbance of human activities in Munda Nature Reserve of Xunhua decreased, but increased in the local area and core area. These indicate that the ecological environment of Mengda Nature Reserve in Xunhua was basically good from 2012 to 2014. In order to further explore the reasons for the decrease in human activities in the Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua and the increase in human activities in the core areas of the reserves, Combined with the regional economic development, the paper infer that the reason of the increase of human activities in the core area is that the nature reserve belongs to the ecological environment type nature reserve as well as the park type nature reserve, and Qinghai and Xunhua counties attach importance to and invest in tourism. And Xunhua Mengda Nature Reserve infrastructure improvement, so that the tourist population increased. In order to further explore the distribution law of human activity disturbance in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua, this paper analyzes the correlation between the disturbance of human activities with changing area by means of autocorrelation analysis. The results show that there is a significant clustering between different types of human activity interference, but the correlation with human activity is weak and discrete distribution. These anthropogenic disturbances are scattered in protected areas in the form of clusters. In order to apply the research results to practice and serve the environmental protection department, the dynamic monitoring model of human activity disturbance is established by combining with the relevant knowledge of nature reserve evaluation. On the basis of GIS component development technology and database technology, the human activity disturbance monitoring system of Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua is developed. The main functions of the system are: segmentation, classification, status statistics, change analysis and other nature reserve module functions, as well as the production of thematic maps, briefings, business and other business functions.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X36;X87
本文编号：2294130
[Abstract]:Nature reserve is a protective area established by human beings in order to maintain ecological balance, protect rare animals and plants and the natural environment on which they live. It provides the natural "background" for human ecosystem and the research place for scientific experiment, which is of great significance to human beings. However, due to the insufficient protection of nature reserves, human activities on the ecological environment of the reserve intensified. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the disturbance of human activities in nature reserve and analyze its dynamic change law, which is of great significance to the regulation of ecological environment protection situation of nature reserve and the designation of environmental protection measures in the surrounding area. In order to strengthen the monitoring of the disturbance information of human activities in nature reserves, high resolution satellite image is used as the data source, and on the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various monitoring methods, A set of object-oriented information extraction method for human activities interference in nature reserves is proposed. By using this method, the interference information of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua was extracted, and a high precision was obtained, in which the overall accuracy was 89.14 and the coefficient of kappa was 0.82which met the research needs. On this basis, the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of human activities disturbance in Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua are analyzed. It is found that the disturbance area of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua reached 5.83 square km in 2012 and 4.45 square km in 2014, accounting for 3.41% and 2.60% of the total area of the reserve, respectively. The Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua remained at low levels in 2012 and 2014. From 2012 to 2014, the disturbance of human activities in Munda Nature Reserve of Xunhua decreased, but increased in the local area and core area. These indicate that the ecological environment of Mengda Nature Reserve in Xunhua was basically good from 2012 to 2014. In order to further explore the reasons for the decrease in human activities in the Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua and the increase in human activities in the core areas of the reserves, Combined with the regional economic development, the paper infer that the reason of the increase of human activities in the core area is that the nature reserve belongs to the ecological environment type nature reserve as well as the park type nature reserve, and Qinghai and Xunhua counties attach importance to and invest in tourism. And Xunhua Mengda Nature Reserve infrastructure improvement, so that the tourist population increased. In order to further explore the distribution law of human activity disturbance in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua, this paper analyzes the correlation between the disturbance of human activities with changing area by means of autocorrelation analysis. The results show that there is a significant clustering between different types of human activity interference, but the correlation with human activity is weak and discrete distribution. These anthropogenic disturbances are scattered in protected areas in the form of clusters. In order to apply the research results to practice and serve the environmental protection department, the dynamic monitoring model of human activity disturbance is established by combining with the relevant knowledge of nature reserve evaluation. On the basis of GIS component development technology and database technology, the human activity disturbance monitoring system of Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua is developed. The main functions of the system are: segmentation, classification, status statistics, change analysis and other nature reserve module functions, as well as the production of thematic maps, briefings, business and other business functions.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X36;X87
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