黄淮南片粮仓现代农业发展战略

发布时间：2018-12-29 17:46

【摘要】：皖北、苏北、鲁西南和豫东南的4省交界地区,有以淮北平原为主的砂姜黑土、黄泛区为主的风沙盐碱地等易旱易涝中低产田面积400万hm~2以上,虽然处于南北过渡带的黄淮南片,温热降水等自然资源条件较好,但因地理偏远、交通不便,科技文化和社会经济发展相对落后,农业高产潜力还未发挥。加快黄淮南片中低产田改造,建设黄淮南片第二粮仓,可以新增粮食50亿kg,在区域现代农业发展和保障我国粮食安全中具有重要作用。根据气候变暖和绿色提质增产增效的现代农业发展态势,提出以下黄淮南片粮仓现代农业发展战略:在种植业方面,第1是培育抗赤霉病的小麦品种,利用综合防治措施减轻小麦赤霉病的危害;第2是培育耐旱耐涝、脱水快适合机械化粒收的玉米新品种并快速示范推广;第3是扩大吨粮田建设,确保黄淮南片和国家粮食安全。在区域治理方面,重点改造淮北砂姜黑土、黄泛区的风沙盐碱地等易旱易涝区的中低产田,加强农田排灌系统基础投入,建设旱涝保收、林网路、渠井电配套的高标准农田。在现代科技装备方面,要加大农机补贴,增加大中型农机的数量,加强深翻深松农机的示范推广,普及农作全程机械化。在绿色提质增效方面,积极推行化肥农药减施,扩大环境友好型的绿色生物肥料制剂等应用,加强秸秆还田和生物资源等循环高效利用。在科技教育方面,要扩大职业教育规模,培养知识农民,专业服务工人,打造社会化服务的专业队伍。在区域经济发展方面,在皖北做强做大粮食品牌化生产,在苏北做大粮食规模化生产和培育现代新型产业,在鲁西南做好农林牧协同高效发展,在豫东南打造中国食品深加工的旗舰。在农业信息化建设方面,加大"互联网+"农业的普及,带动订单农业、外销农业、观光农业等的快速发展。建议国家及早启动黄淮南片第二粮仓重点科技专项,将黄淮南片粮食主产区和经济塌陷区建设成为国家主体粮仓和农业经济新兴区及环境优美的可持续发展区。
[Abstract]:In the four provinces of northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu, southwest Shandong and southeast Henan, there are sand and ginger black soil mainly in Huaibei Plain, and wind-sand saline-alkali land in the Yellow River flood area, which is prone to drought and waterlogging. The area of low-yield fields is more than 4 million hm~2. Although the Huang-Huainan plate in the north-south transitional zone has good natural resources conditions such as warm, hot and precipitation, it is relatively backward in the development of science, technology, culture and social economy because of the remoteness of geography and the inconvenience of transportation, and the potential of high yield of agriculture has not been brought into full play. Accelerating the transformation of middle and low yield fields in Huang-Huainan tablets and constructing the second granary of Huang-Huainan tablet can increase the grain 5 billion kg, and play an important role in the development of regional modern agriculture and the guarantee of food security in China. According to the development situation of modern agriculture with climate warming and green quality raising, increasing yield and increasing efficiency, the following modern agricultural development strategies are put forward: in planting, the first is to cultivate wheat varieties resistant to scab. Comprehensive control measures were used to reduce the harm of wheat scab. The second is to cultivate new maize varieties with drought tolerance, fast dehydration and mechanized grain harvesting, and the third is to expand the construction of tons of grain fields to ensure the safety of Huang-Huainan tablets and national grain. In the area of regional management, we should focus on the transformation of sand and ginger black soil in Huaibei, wind-sand and saline-alkali fields in the flooded areas of the Yellow River and other low-yielding fields in drought-prone and waterlogged areas, strengthen the basic input of farmland drainage and irrigation system, and build high standard farmland for drought and waterlogging conservation, forest network and power supply for canal wells. In the field of modern scientific and technological equipment, it is necessary to increase the subsidy of agricultural machinery, increase the number of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, strengthen the demonstration and popularization of deep digging and deep loosening agricultural machinery, and popularize the mechanization of the whole course of farming. In the aspect of improving quality and increasing efficiency, we should actively implement chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction, expand the application of environment-friendly green bio-fertilizer preparation, and strengthen the recycling and efficient utilization of straw returning to the field and biological resources. In science and technology education, we should expand the scale of vocational education, train knowledge farmers, professional service workers, and build a professional team of socialized services. In terms of regional economic development, it is necessary to strengthen and expand grain brand production in northern Anhui, to make large-scale grain production in northern Jiangsu and to cultivate modern new industries, and to do a good job in the coordinated and efficient development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in the southwest of Shandong Province. Build the flagship of Chinese food processing in southeastern Henan. In the aspect of agricultural informatization construction, the popularization of "Internet" agriculture should be increased, and the rapid development of order agriculture, export agriculture and sightseeing agriculture will be promoted. It is suggested that the state should start the key science and technology project of the second granary of Huang-Huainan tablet as soon as possible, and build the main grain production area and the economic collapse area of the Huang-Huainan slice into the main state granary, the new agricultural economy area and the sustainable development area with beautiful environment.
【作者单位】：中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心;中国科学院科技促进发展局;安徽省同丰种业;
【基金】：“粮丰工程”重点专项(2016YFD0300105) 中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)项目(KFJ-EW-STS-083)资助~~
【分类号】：F326.11

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