湘西吕洞山区小学《体育与健康》课程建设现状调查与分析

发布时间：2019-05-10 21:55

【摘要】：《体育与健康课程标准》自2001年9月1日开始试验起到全面推行实施已进行了12年的时间。但是从前人的研究成果不难看出，体育新课标在各省市，地区中小学的实施开展状况依然存在一些问题。本文研究的是湘西吕洞山区小学《体育与健康》课程建设现状，湘西的吕洞山区是新兴的国家AAA级风景区，又是国家非物质文化遗产核心保护区，同时又是苗族聚居地，具有很强的代表性。本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地考察法、访谈法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，对湘西吕洞山区小学《体育与健康》课程建设现状进行调查研究，结果表明：①湘西吕洞山区小学《体育与健康》课程的实施总体情况不容乐观，学校体育课时数的设置达不到国家标准，存在文化课及其课外活动占用体育与健康课的状况。②《体育与健康》课程目标建设情况有待加强，教师对课程目标的实施情况不理想，学生对学习领域目标的认识有待加强；教材建设上，没有书面教材，部分学校仅有相应的纸质材料为参考，学校也没有很好的把民族特色融入到教材的教学内容中；教学内容传统，没有开设健美操、舞蹈、武术等项目，苗鼓、苗拳等特色运动项目开展滞后；教学手段单一，，大多采用讲解法，分解练习法，完整练习法等；组织形式单调，大多都是按班级组织教学。③湘西吕洞山区小学场地情况良好，但由于经费有限，导致器材缺乏，基本不能满足学生需要。④湘西吕洞山区小学《体育与健康》课程教学管理制度的建设情况较差，学校领导的重视程度也不够。⑤湘西吕洞山区小学的师资情况是，教师的学历以本专科为主，中青年教师占了95.8%，兼职体育教师较多占了75%，小学一级教师人数占58.3%，高级教师占总人数的16.7%，但教师基本没有参加过《体育与健康》课程的培训。⑥教学评价体系不完善，不能很好的对教师教学和学生学习进行有效的评价。制约的主要因素：①区域经济落后导致学校体育经费投入不足器材匮乏；②缺乏特色性教材；③教学内容与手段传统陈旧，组织形式单调导致课程建设缺乏活力；④教学管理制度不健全；⑤体育教师再继续教育培训力度不够，导致《体育与健康》课程建设缺乏动力；⑥缺乏科学合理的教学评价制度。对策：①借吕洞山区旅游业发展契机，加大学校体育经费投入；②因地制宜，开发民族传统体育项目形成《体育与健康》课程建设特色教材；③加强体育教师再继续教育教育培训力度，提高课程建设发展的动力；④构建科学合理的教学评价体系，激活体育教师教学激情。
[Abstract]:It has been 12 years since the beginning of the experiment on September 1, 2001 to the full implementation of the Curriculum Standard of physical Education and Health. However, from the previous research results, it is not difficult to see that there are still some problems in the implementation of the new physical education curriculum standards in provinces and cities, as well as in the implementation of regional primary and secondary schools. This paper studies the present situation of physical education and health curriculum construction in primary schools in Ludong Mountain area of western Hunan. Ludong Mountain area in western Hunan is a new national AAA scenic spot, as well as a core protection area of intangible cultural heritage, and at the same time, it is also a settlement of Miao nationality. It has a strong representativeness. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire, field survey, interview, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, this paper investigates and studies the present situation of the curriculum construction of "physical Education and Health" in Lutong Mountain area of Western Hunan Province. The results show that: (1) the implementation of physical education and health in primary schools in Ludong Mountain District of western Hunan is not optimistic, and the setting of physical education hours in schools is not up to the national standard. (2) the construction of the curriculum objectives of "physical Education and Health" needs to be strengthened, the implementation of the curriculum objectives by teachers is not ideal, and the students' understanding of the goals in the field of learning needs to be strengthened; In the construction of teaching materials, there are no written teaching materials, some schools only have the corresponding paper materials for reference, the school has not well integrated the national characteristics into the teaching content of the teaching materials; Traditional teaching content, no aerobics, dance, martial arts and other items, Miao drum, Miao Quan and other characteristics of sports projects lag behind; teaching means are single, most of the use of explanation method, decomposition exercise method, complete practice, etc. The form of organization is monotonous, and most of them organize teaching by class. 3. The primary school site in Lutong Mountain area, Western Hunan is in good condition, but due to the limited funds, the equipment is lacking. It basically can not meet the needs of students. 4 the construction of the teaching management system of physical Education and Health in Ludong Mountain Primary School in western Hunan is poor, and the degree of attention paid by the school leaders is not enough. 5 the situation of teachers in Ludong Mountain Primary School in western Hunan is as follows: Teachers' academic qualifications are mainly in their own colleges, with young and middle-aged teachers accounting for 95.8%, part-time physical education teachers accounting for more than 75%, primary school level teachers accounting for 58.3%, and senior teachers accounting for 16.7% of the total. However, teachers have not participated in the course of physical Education and Health training. 6. The teaching evaluation system is not perfect, and it can not evaluate teachers' teaching and students' learning effectively. The main restricting factors are: (1) lack of equipment for school sports funds due to regional economic backwardness; (2) lack of characteristic teaching materials; (3) outdated teaching contents and means, monotonous organizational form leading to lack of vitality in curriculum construction; (4) the teaching management system is not perfect; (5) the further education and training of physical education teachers is not enough, which leads to the lack of motivation in the course construction of "physical Education and Health"; (6) the lack of scientific and reasonable teaching evaluation system. The countermeasures are as follows: (1) take advantage of the opportunity of tourism development in Lutong mountain area, increase the investment of school sports funds, (2) develop the national traditional sports events to form the characteristic teaching material of "physical education and health" course construction; (3) to strengthen the further education and training of physical education teachers and to improve the motive force of curriculum construction and development; (4) to construct a scientific and reasonable teaching evaluation system and to activate the teaching passion of physical education teachers.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G623.8

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