国际劳务合作对中国经济发展的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 05:13

本文关键词：国际劳务合作对中国经济发展的影响研究　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国际经济的发展一直存在着不平衡的问题,其中,世界各国劳动力资源的占有上有密集和稀缺之别,这就在一定程度上制约了发展不平衡问题的解决。具体来说,有些国家缺少成本低廉、能从事艰苦劳动的工作人员,有些国家缺少富有科学知识素养、掌握高精尖技术的专业人才。如果这些劳动要素不能在世界范围自由流动的话,一些国家的发展将遭遇瓶颈。因此,加强国际劳务合作,支持人力资源在全球的转移调动,已经成为大多数开放经济体的共识。与此同时,作为一个正在崛起中的发展中大国,中国也在国际劳务合作问题上发现了很多难得的机遇。因人口老龄化造成的适龄青年就业增长缓慢、对出口贸易水平的巩固等等问题,通过开展中外劳务合作来解决是重要的渠道之一。中国的劳动力数量庞大,然而内部素质却参差不齐,如何扬长避短,在复杂的国际劳务合作中发挥建设性的作用值得学者深思,这也是本文的研究意义所在。本文运用实证检验的方法探索了劳务合作发展规模与居民就业水平、对外投资水平、贸易规模等变量之间的联动关系,而且提出中国对外劳务合作的发展要遵循“因地制宜”原则。首先,本文通过参考大量国内外文献,认识到发展国际劳务合作可能在缓解国内就业难题,调整劳动市场结构等方面给中国经济社会以正面影响。其次,本文回顾了劳务合作的有关重要定义,将其与“劳务输出”一类词语的联系进行了澄清,另外还罗列了发展国际劳务合作的纯理论思想,这包括绝对优势论、比较优势论、H-O理论和劳动力迁移的推拉理论等。接着,本文又依靠综合比较的方法,从从业人员规模、行业分布和合作对象国别分布三个角度阐述了中国对外劳务合作的现状,同时,也说明了像各省劳务合作水平差异较大、务工人员法律意识淡薄、国内劳务输出管理体制不规范、某些国家排外情绪严重一类的问题,它们阻碍中国对外劳务合作的进一步发展。然后,分别于理论分析和实证检验这两个方面入手,考察国际劳务合作在中国的就业效应、外汇收入效应和贸易增长效应,而根据ADF检验、协整检验和Granger因果关系检验的结果,这些积极效应被部分证实。最后,本文在政府、中介组织和务工者个人三个层面,提出了关于促进中国更好地参与国际劳务合作的若干政策、建议和措施。
[Abstract]:The development of international economy has always been uneven, among which, the occupation of labor resources in the world is concentrated and scarce. This, to some extent, constrains the solution of development imbalances. Specifically, some countries lack staff who are cheap and able to work hard, while others lack scientific literacy. If these elements of labor can not flow freely around the world, the development of some countries will encounter a bottleneck. Therefore, strengthen international labor cooperation. Support for the global transfer of human resources has become a consensus in most open economies. At the same time, as a rising developing power. China has also found many rare opportunities on the issue of international labor cooperation, such as the slow growth of employment among young people of appropriate age caused by the aging population, and the consolidation of the level of export trade, and so on. Chinese and foreign labor cooperation is one of the important channels. China's labor force is huge, but the internal quality is uneven, how to promote strengths and circumvent weaknesses. To play a constructive role in the complex international labor cooperation is worthy of scholars pondering, which is also the significance of this study. This paper uses the empirical test method to explore the relationship between the development scale of labor cooperation and the employment level of residents, the level of foreign investment, the scale of trade and other variables. And the development of China's foreign labor cooperation should follow the principle of "according to local conditions". First of all, by referring to a large number of domestic and foreign literature, this paper recognizes that the development of international labor cooperation may alleviate domestic employment problems. The adjustment of labor market structure has a positive impact on China's economy and society. Secondly, this paper reviews the important definitions of labor cooperation and clarifies its relationship with the words "labor export". In addition, it lists the pure theory of developing international labor cooperation, which includes absolute advantage theory, comparative advantage theory and push and pull theory of labor migration. This paper expounds the current situation of China's foreign labor cooperation from three angles: the scale of employees, the distribution of industry and the distribution of cooperation object. At the same time, it also shows that the level of labor cooperation is different from provinces. The legal consciousness of migrant workers is weak, the domestic labor export management system is not standardized, and some countries have serious feelings of exclusion, which hinder the further development of China's foreign labor cooperation. Then. Starting with the theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper examines the employment effect, foreign exchange income effect and trade growth effect of international labor cooperation in China, and according to the ADF test. The results of cointegration test and Granger causality test, these positive effects are partly confirmed. Finally, this paper in the government, intermediary organizations and individual workers three levels. Some policies, suggestions and measures to promote China's participation in international labor cooperation are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.68;F124

【参考文献】