“中等收入陷阱”与中国收入分配制度改革研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 20:06

本文关键词：“中等收入陷阱”与中国收入分配制度改革研究　出处：《郑州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：世界银行于2006年提出了“中等收入陷阱”的概念，而自这一概念问世以来，人们对它的关注就没有停止。中国在2001年由低收入跨入中等收入阶段，2010年又由下中等收入上升到上中等收入阶段。历史经验表明，中等收入阶段是一个矛盾叠出、艰难前行的时期。大多数发展中国家进入中等收入阶段后，经济长期徘徊于低水平，甚至倒退不前，这即落入“陷阱”；但也有少数国家和地区成功规避“中等收入陷阱”，顺利实现向高收入阶段的跨越。导致“中等收入陷阱”的因素很多，可以说，它是诸多因素综合作用的结果。已有不少学者从政府政策、经济结构乃至制度视角对这一问题展开研究。而本文着意抓住“中等收入陷阱”风险与中国收入分配制度改革的问题加以探讨。“中等收入陷阱”风险与收入分配制度的不完善有相关性。其一，收入分配制度缺陷导致的一个直接后果是居民收入差距持续扩大，而这一方面影响居民消费，使中低收入者的消费需求因其收入不足而无法转变为现实需求；另一方面，收入差距过大会抑制投资的增长。居民实际消费不能大幅提高，企业生产的动力就会减弱，从而影响投资的增长。无论是消费还是投资都是拉动经济增长的动力，而二者的减弱都会造成经济增长乏力。其二，从中国收入分配制度本身的缺陷来看，一是中国个人所得税税负过重，影响居民的消费能力和对政府改革的支持力度；二是企业所得税不合理也会加重中小企业负担，制约企业参与市场竞争的能力；三是再分配机制不完善，比如政府的转移支付存在问题、公共产品及服务方面的支出不足、教育投入受到限制等，都会阻碍社会的发展与进步，影响经济可持续发展。所以收入分配制度的完善与否是一国能否顺利跨越中等收入阶段的关键因素之一。国际范围内的经验也证明，拉美国家落入“中等收入陷阱”与他们分配制度的缺陷不无关系。分配制度的负效应影响了拉美国家经济的可持续增长；而相反，那些成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”的国家和地区都非常重视分配制度的完善与其效应。因此，，中国要规避“中等收入陷阱”风险，必须重视对收入分配制度进行改革与完善。政府进行分配制度改革的目标应该是提高居民收入、缩小收入差距、改善分配格局、重构分配秩序；分配制度改革的关键是以初次分配制度的改革为主，辅以再分配制度进行全面系统的改革；分配制度改革的切入点是提高劳动报酬比重，改善初次分配状况，并完善税收制度，加强税收的调节作用。
[Abstract]:The World Bank put forward the concept of "middle-income trap" in 2006, and since its inception, people have not stopped paying attention to it. China moved from low income to middle income in 2001. In 2010, it rose from lower middle income to upper middle income. Historical experience shows that the middle income stage is a period of overlapping contradictions and difficult moving forward. Most developing countries have entered the middle income stage. If the economy hovers at a low level for a long time, or even goes backwards, it will fall into a "trap". But there are also a few countries and regions successfully avoid the "middle-income trap", the smooth realization of the high-income stage of leapfrogging. There are many factors leading to the "middle-income trap", it can be said that it is the result of many factors. From the perspective of economic structure and institution, this paper focuses on the risk of "middle-income trap" and the reform of China's income distribution system. "Middle-Income Trap" is discussed in this paper. There is a correlation between risk and the imperfection of income distribution system. One direct consequence of the defect of income distribution system is that the income gap of residents continues to expand, and on the one hand, it affects the consumption of residents and makes the consumption demand of middle and low income people unable to change into real demand because of their insufficient income. On the other hand, the income gap is too large to restrain the growth of investment. The real consumption of residents can not be greatly increased, and the driving force of enterprise production will be weakened. Thus affect the growth of investment. Whether consumption or investment is the driving force of economic growth, and the weakening of both will cause economic growth. Second, from the defects of China's income distribution system itself. First, China's individual income tax burden is too heavy, affecting the consumption capacity of residents and government reform support; Second, the unreasonable enterprise income tax will also increase the burden of small and medium-sized enterprises, restricting the ability of enterprises to participate in market competition; Third, the mechanism of redistribution is not perfect, such as the problems of government transfer payment, the insufficient expenditure on public goods and services, and the restriction of education investment, all of which will hinder the development and progress of the society. Therefore, whether the income distribution system is perfect or not is one of the key factors that a country can smoothly cross the middle income stage. The fact that Latin American countries fall into the "middle income trap" has something to do with the defects of their distribution system, and the negative effects of the distribution system affect the sustainable economic growth of Latin American countries. On the contrary, countries and regions that successfully overcome the "middle-income trap" attach great importance to the perfection of distribution system and its effect. Therefore, in order to avoid the risk of "middle income trap", China must pay attention to the reform and perfection of income distribution system. The goal of government reform should be to increase residents' income and narrow the income gap. Improving the distribution pattern and reconstructing the distribution order; The key of the reform of the distribution system is the reform of the initial distribution system, supplemented by the comprehensive and systematic reform of the redistribution system. The starting point of the reform of distribution system is to increase the proportion of labor reward, to improve the initial distribution, to perfect the tax system and to strengthen the regulation of taxation.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

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