基于财产性收入的我国居民贫富差距问题探析

发布时间：2018-01-15 01:32

本文关键词：基于财产性收入的我国居民贫富差距问题探析　出处：《江苏大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国发展成为全球第二大经济体的历程中,经济处于长期的增长通道,而增长的很大动力是依靠重型化投资,财富的增长与通货膨胀并生。也就是说当财富拥有量增多的同时,由于通胀的影响,要增加自己的实际财富累积就必须运用货币的杠杆效应。当货币的杠杆效应被激活之后,个人的财产性收入在家庭收入中的比重就会增加,而这一比重正是从工薪阶层向中产阶层递进的台阶,而增加的财产性收入就是缩小贫富悬殊最关键的环节。在城乡居民从2010年到2014年的收入呈现逐年增加并差距缩小的态势背景下,从十七大报告中首次提出“创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入”到“十三五”规划建议提出“多渠道增加居民财产性收入”以来,虽然城乡居民的财产性收入比重皆有所增加,但两者之间差距从2000年到2012年仅从2.9倍降至2.8倍。在居民财产分布差距的扩大速度快于居民收入差距的扩大速度之下,目前贫富分化最主要的原因之一就是由财产转换为财产性收入的差距在拉大,而缩小贫富差距需要致力于增加中等阶层所占的比重。根据2016年度《中国城市竞争力报告》中显示,从规模分布上看,中国已初步显现出大城市和小城镇“两头大”、中与小城市“中间小”的“哑铃型”规模体系,而转变为最富顶端家庭和最贫底层家庭数量的相对少数、中等阶层居民家庭数量占较大比重的“橄榄型”社会阶层结构,这才是构成和谐社会未来的方向和希望。本文从拥有财产基数的不均衡状况、融入资本市场的途径和居民个人投资理财的禀赋能力方面着手分析由于财产性收入的差距进而导致了贫富分化的加剧。分析发现,大多数人把贫富差距与收入差距绝对等同起来,但现实中,人们在财产基数拥有量和财产分布方面的差距同样也是贫富差距状况受到衡量的重要指标,因为获得财产性收入需要有一定的财产积累作为基础,但是由于财产基础参差,其中最重要的房屋价值就受到地域差异的限制,比如房屋买卖市场和房屋租赁市场;接着由于资本市场的不完善,投资渠道单一、狭窄,城乡居民融入资本市场的契合度不同,只能集中在楼市和股市,而未能开拓新的投资渠道;然后进一步分析由于居民未能把握新金融时代的特征,未能积极主动的与互联网时代的金融产品进行接触与了解,这些藩篱也让财产性收入的差距难以有显著突破;最后是由于居民之间投资能力差距和由教育水平的差距导致或者影响了就业的层次,也影响了投资和生活的圈层,更为严重的是这些差距会继而再次传导到下一代,形成一个恶性循环,未来机会的公平会比眼前的收入分配的公平更加重要。基于以上的理论和实证分析,本文从理顺分配关系、缩小财产占有主要应该提高相对欠发达地区经济发展水平;拓宽民众资本市场化的投资理财渠道;增强个人投资理财能力、加大对欠发达地区的金融素养培养,从而扭转贫富差距的代际传递趋势三个角度,提议增加居民的财产性收入进而对贫富差距悬殊有所改善的对策。
[Abstract]:In the Chinese history as the world's second largest economy, economic growth in the long term channel, great power and growth is to rely on heavy investment, growth and inflation and wealth. That is to say when the wealth has increased at the same time, due to the impact of inflation, to increase their wealth accumulation must use leverage money. When leverage money is activated, the proportion of personal property income in household income will increase, and this proportion is from the working-class to middle-class progressive steps, and the increased property income is to narrow the disparity between the rich and the most key link shows from 2010 to 2014. The income of urban and rural residents has increased year by year and narrowing the gap between the situation background, from the report of the 17th National Congress was first proposed to create conditions to allow more people to own property income "" 13th Five-Year "planning proposal" to increase residents' property income channels since, although the proportion of urban and rural residents property income have increased, but the gap between the two from 2000 to 2012 from 2.9 times to 2.8 times. In the expanding speed of residents property distribution gap under expand faster than the income gap, one of the the main reason is the differentiation between rich and poor by transfer of property into the property income gap is widening and narrowing the gap between rich and poor, need to increase the proportion of the middle class. According to the 2016 annual report of City Competitiveness Report Chinese < >, from the size distribution, China has shown big City and small town "two large and small city", "intermediate small" "dumbbell" scale system, and transformed into the most top family and relatively few number of most poor families in the bottom, middle class The number of households accounted for a larger proportion of the olive social structure, which is composed of a harmonious society and the hope of the future direction. The imbalance in the property base, into the capital market channels and residents of personal finance and investment ability to analyze the endowment of the property income gap between the rich and the poor and then lead to differentiation. Analysis shows that most people think of the gap between rich and poor and the income gap is equal, but in reality, people ownership and property distribution gaps in property base is also the gap between the rich and the poor situation is an important indicator to measure, because the acquisition of property income to a certain property accumulation as a basis, but because the property foundation students'rooms, one of the most important value of the house by the regional restrictions, such as the sale of housing market and housing rental market; followed by. The market is not perfect, the investment channels for a single, narrow, urban and rural residents into the capital market fit, focused only on the property market and the stock market, but failed to open up new investment channels; and then further analysis because residents are unable to grasp the characteristics of the new era of financial, not actively with the age of the Internet financial products in contact with understanding these barriers, also let the property income gap is a significant breakthrough; finally is because residents between the investment gap and ability caused by the gap between the level of education or affect the level of employment, also affects the investment and life circle, the more serious is that the gap will further transfer to the next generation, formation a vicious spiral, the future will be more important than the fair income distribution in front of the fair. Based on the above theoretical and empirical analysis, this article straightens out the relationship between the distribution of narrow The main property should raise the level of economic development is relatively less developed areas; broaden the public capital market investment and financing channels; strengthen personal finance and investment capacity, increase underdevelopedareas financial literacy training, thus reversing the intergenerational gap between the rich and the three aspects of transfer trend, countermeasure proposal to increase residents' property income and the gap between rich and poor improved.

【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7

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