科技参与应对重大突发事件影响因素与水平评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 14:37

本文关键词：科技参与应对重大突发事件影响因素与水平评价研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：综观整个世界的历史与现实，相当多的国家和地区都曾发生过重大突发事件。凡在自然领域或人类社会领域突然发生过的诸如重大自然灾害事件或重大事故灾害事件或重大公共卫生事件，几乎都曾给人类造成过损失或重大损害。面向未来，尽管人类非常期盼不发生或能防控重大突发事件，但近代连续不断发生的重大突发事件，不仅让人类看到了依据目前的能力还很难避免重大突发事件的发生，，还很难避免凡发生重大突发事件几乎都会给人类造成不同程度的损失或重大损害，而且还看到了面对未来可能发生的重大突发事件，虽然不能轻易放弃传统的应对方法，但更重要的则是必须高度重视并突出科技参与应对重大突发事件。近年来，虽然我国的科技参与应对重大突发事件，有的已经取得了明显的效果，但仍然存在一些急需研究解决的前瞻性问题，如科技参与应对重大突发事件意识相对不强问题、科技投入相对不足问题、关键技术及其产品研发速度相对较慢与储备不足及配置水平相对较低问题，有的重大突发事件的预测与预报水平相对较低问题、防控能力相对较低问题、应急管理水平相对较低问题、对策策略不能适时集成出台等问题。依据前人围绕上述问题的目前研究不足及应当研究的迫切性，本文在借鉴国内外相关研究成果的基础上，利用多种相关最新理论和研究方法，对与上述问题中具有很强内在逻辑关系的科技参与应对重大突发事件的基础理论问题、影响因素问题、最优路径先择问题、有效协同问题、科技资源优化配置问题、科技参与应对重大突发事件水平评价问题及提高科技参与应对重大突发事件水平策略等问题，开展了理论与实践相结合的深入系统研究，有助于推动科技参与应对重大突发事件理论体系的进一步丰富和完善，并为科技参与应对重大突发事件的决策主体提供借鉴。在分析并界定了围绕重大突发事件与突发事件、科技参与和科技参与应对等相关概念及其相互关系等问题的基础上，剖析并明确界定了科技参与应对重大突发事件的概念与机理，重大突发事件选择科技参与应对的前置条件，科技参与应对重大突发事件的特点与优性表现、阶段划分与应对目标、应对主体及其应具备的资格要件等基础理论问题。在分析了科技参与应对重大突发事件影响因素的识别视角与识别原则的基础上，进一步分析了科技参与应对重大突发事件在预防与应急准备阶段、在应急处置与救援阶段、在恢复与重建阶段及全过程的影响因素，并结合不同阶段影响因素的分析，分别构建了科技参与应对重大突发事件在预防与应急准备阶段、应急处置与救援阶段、恢复与重建阶段及全过程影响因素的影响关系模型并进行了实证分析。在深入分析了科技参与应对重大突发事件最优应对路径选择功能性重要性，并从多视角对科技参与应对重大突发事件的最优应对路径选择进行分析的基础上，探讨了科技参与应对重大突发事件最优应对路径选择的参与主体和最佳选择主体及其应遵循的选择原则；系统的分别探讨了科技参与应对重大突发事件在预防与应急准备阶段、应急处置与救援阶段、恢复与重建阶段及全过程应开展的应对活动事项，并基于不同阶段的不同层级应开展的活动事项，分别构建了科技参与应对重大突发事件在预防与应急准备阶段、应急处置与救援阶段、恢复与重建阶段及全过程的最优应对路径模型。在剖析了科技参与应对重大突发事件有效协同背景的基础上，深入分析了科技参与应对重大突发事件过程中有效协同的主体、有效协同的客体、有效协同的目标，并构建了科技参与应对重大突发事件有效协同模型。在剖析了科技参与应对重大突发事件所需科技资源基本涵义应具备的特征并构建了特征模型的基础上，深入分析了科技参与应对重大突发事件所需科技资源的种类划分及取向，剖析了科技参与应对重大突发事件所需科技资源优化配置体系构成并构建了科技资源优化配置模型。在探讨了科技参与应对重大突发事件水平评价背景与评价主体及评价原则与评价目的，分析了科技参与应对重大突发事件水平评价指标体系构成与构成结构模型的基础上，构建了科技参与应对重大突发事件各系统水平评价指标体系及水平评价模型，并进行了实证。基于前文研究，围绕如何提高科技参与应对重大突发事件水平问题，分析了科技参与应对重大突发事件水平提高应选择的集成策略。本文有助于进一步推动科技参与应对重大突发事件诸多问题的继续深入研究，有助于为围绕科技参与应对重大突发事件诸多问题研究提供相应的研究参考，有助于推动科技参与应对重大突发事件活动的深入开展，有助于科技参与应对重大突发事件水平的不断提高，有助于维护我国的公共安全并促进经济社会可持续的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:According to the history and reality of the whole world, many countries and regions have experienced major emergencies. Where natural areas or areas of human society suddenly occurred such as major natural disasters or major accidents disasters or major public health incidents, almost have caused by human losses or serious damage for the future. Although the human, does not occur or can look forward to the prevention and control of major emergencies, but in major emergencies happening continuously, not only let the human see on the basis of the current capacity is also very difficult to avoid major emergencies, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of major emergencies where almost all will cause varying degrees of loss or damage to major human beings, but also to see the face of major emergencies that may occur in the future, although can not easily give up the traditional methods of coping, but more important is a must Attach great importance to and highlight the participation of science and technology in response to major emergencies.
In recent years, although in response to major emergencies of science and technology of our country, and some have achieved remarkable results, but there are still some problems to be solved urgently in the forward-looking, such as participation in emergency response technology awareness is not strong, and relatively insufficient investment, key technology and product development speed is relatively slow and insufficient reserves the configuration and the relatively low level of problem, prediction and forecast the level of some major emergencies is relatively low, control ability is relatively low, the emergency management level is relatively low, not timely introduction of integrated strategies and other issues. Based on the urgency of current research problems and researches should focus on these issues, in this paper the basis of relevant research results at home and abroad, using a variety of the latest theories and research methods, has a strong internal and on these issues The basic theoretical problems involved in responding to major emergencies the logical relations between science and technology, influence factors, the optimal path selection problem, effective coordination problem, optimal allocation of resources of science and technology, science and technology and science and technology should be involved in improving the participation of major emergencies level strategy problem of emergency response level evaluation, carried out theoretical and systematic research the combination of practice, help to promote the technology involved in the emergency response system to further enrich and improve the theory, and provide reference for participation in the emergency response technology decision-making body.
In the analysis and define the focus on major emergencies and emergencies in basic science and technology and science and technology in response to the related concepts and their relationship problems, analyze and define the concept and mechanism involved in emergency response technology, pre conditions of major emergencies in response to the selection of science and technology, characteristics and performance in optimization emergency response technology, stage division and the response to the target, the basic theory to deal with the problem of the subject and should have the qualifications.
In the analysis of the technology involved in the identification and recognition of the principle of perspective based on influential factors to deal with major emergencies, further analysis in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology in emergency response and rescue phase factors in the restoration and reconstruction stage and the influence of the whole process, and combined with the analysis of the factors affecting different stages, were constructed in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue, recovery and reconstruction and the whole process affect the relation model and in the empirical analysis.
In depth analysis of the technology involved in the functional importance of emergency response to optimal path selection, and carries on the analysis from foundation to participate in the emergency response and the optimal path to deal with multi angle of view, discusses the main participants and the best choice in the main technology to respond to major emergencies and chooses the optimal path to deal with and choice principles according to the system were discussed; in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue stage, coping activities recovery and reconstruction and the whole process should be carried out, and based on the activities of different levels in different stages should be carried out, were constructed in response to major emergencies in the prevention with the emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue phase, the optimal path to deal with the restoration and reconstruction of the stage and the whole process Model.
Based on analyzing the technology involved in the emergency response coordination background, in-depth analysis of the main effective collaborative technology involved in the emergency response process, the object of effective coordination, effective coordination, and the construction of the science and technology involved in the emergency response coordination model.
In the analysis of the characteristics of science and technology in response to major emergencies required for scientific and technological resources should have the basic meaning and the construction of the basic features of the model, in-depth analysis of the classification and orientation of science and technology in response to major emergencies for science and technology resources, analyzes the technology of major emergencies should be involved in the need of scientific and technological resources optimized disposition system and the construction of the model of optimal allocation of resources of science and technology.
After discussing the principle and evaluation of science and technology in the emergency response level evaluation of background and evaluation and assessment of the main objective, analyzing the technology involved in the emergency response level constitute the evaluation index system and structure model, construction technology in response to major emergencies and evaluation of the system level evaluation index system and model, and the empirical.
Based on the previous research, focusing on how to improve the participation of science and technology in dealing with the level of major emergencies, this paper analyzes the integration strategy that science and technology should participate in coping with the level of major emergencies.
In this paper, a further study helps to further promote technology in response to major emergencies problems, help to focus on science and technology in response to major emergencies on many problems to provide the corresponding reference research, helps to promote science and technology to participate in emergency response activities, contribute to the technology involved in the emergency response level the continuous improvement of public safety, contribute to the maintenance of our country and promote economic and social sustainable and harmonious development.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.3;D63

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