基于数据包络分析（DEA）的中国省际生态效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 19:00

本文关键词：基于数据包络分析（DEA）的中国省际生态效率研究　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国经济在改革开放后快速发展,取得了骄人的成绩。在经济体量不断增大的情况下,中国经济发展目前已步入新常态,进入中高速发展新阶段。中国经济发展的背后是过多的人力、资本能要素投入,产出效率与发达国家相比还存在很大的差距。同时作为目前全球最大的能源消费国和二氧化碳排放国,中国肩负节能减排的重大任务。效率评价理论由来已久,从传统的专家评价法到一些统计和运筹学的方法,如数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)等,都在效率评价方面得到了广泛的应用。DEA方法的一些显著特点使其在相对效率评价领域备受推崇。过去应用DEA方法对经济效率、环境效率和生态效率进行分析的研究主要是在单独的模型中对生产活动的经济表现、环境表现或者其综合表现进行刻画,孤立地看待他们。本文出于将三者有机联系起来的考虑,并基于修改后的方向性距离函数,提出了一个整合DEA模型,该模型允许期望产出和非期望产出同时但不同比例的增减,从而使生态效率、经济效率和环境效率纳入同一个模型下分析。具体来说,生态效率刻画了生产活动在经济和环境方面的综合表现,而我们利用提出的整合模型将生态效率分解为两个部分,一部分刻画获取经济效益的能力,称为经济效率,另一部分刻画控制污染物排放的能力,称为环境效率。分解的好处是可以探查生态效率低的根源从而更有效的提出对策。文章以中国30个省份为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果显示,在传统模型中,中国东部的经济效率、环境效率和生态效率高于中西部地区,南方高于北方,并且东、中、西部以及南北方的经济效率、环境效率和生态效率均在一定显著性水平存在差异。在整合模型中,中国东部的环境效率和生态效率显著高于中西部,但是经济效率却没有这个特点。南方和北方也是如此。另外通过分解可以发现,全国各省的经济效率普遍都很高,而环境效率则分布相对均匀,这说明了环境效率低是导致生态效率低的主因。同时通过视窗分析发现2008-2014年间各个地区的经济效率并未发生较大变化,但是各地的环境效率在逐步提高。最后,我们在研究结果的基础上提出了一些提高生态水平的建议。
[Abstract]:China's economy has developed rapidly after the reform and opening up, and has made remarkable achievements. With the increasing economic volume, China's economic development has now entered a new normal. China has entered a new stage of rapid development. Behind the development of China's economy is too much manpower and capital input. There is still a big gap between the output efficiency and developed countries. As the largest energy consumer and carbon dioxide emitter in the world, China shoulders the important task of energy saving and emission reduction. Efficiency evaluation theory has a long history. From the traditional expert evaluation method to some statistical and operational research methods, such as data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), data Envelopment Analysis (DEAA) and so on. Both of them have been widely used in efficiency evaluation. The DEA method has been widely used in the field of relative efficiency evaluation. In the past, it has been widely used in the field of economic efficiency. The analysis of environmental efficiency and ecological efficiency is mainly to describe the economic performance, environmental performance or comprehensive performance of production activities in a single model. This paper presents an integrated DEA model based on the modified directional distance function. The model allows expected output and non-expected output to increase or decrease simultaneously but in different proportions, so that ecological efficiency, economic efficiency and environmental efficiency can be analyzed under the same model. Ecological efficiency describes the comprehensive performance of production activities in the economic and environmental aspects, and we use the proposed integration model to decompose the ecological efficiency into two parts, one part describes the ability to obtain economic benefits. Called economic efficiency, another part describes the ability to control pollutant emissions. Called environmental efficiency. The advantage of decomposition is to explore the root causes of low ecological efficiency so as to put forward more effective countermeasures. This paper takes 30 provinces of China as a sample to conduct empirical research. The results show that. In the traditional model, the economic efficiency, environmental efficiency and ecological efficiency in the east of China are higher than those in the central and western regions, and the economic efficiency in the south is higher than that in the north, and in the east, the middle, the west and the south and the north. In the integration model, the environmental efficiency and ecological efficiency in eastern China are significantly higher than those in the central and western regions. But the economic efficiency does not have this characteristic. The south and the north are also the same. In addition, it can be found that the economic efficiency of all provinces is very high, while the environmental efficiency is relatively uniform. This shows that the environmental inefficiency is the main cause of ecological inefficiency. Meanwhile, through the window analysis, it is found that the economic efficiency of each region has not changed greatly during the period of 2008-2014. But the environmental efficiency is improving gradually. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to improve the ecological level on the basis of the research results.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224;F124;F205

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