“法律与发展运动”对发展中国家经济的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 01:02

本文关键词： 法律与发展运动发展中国家经济增长经济发展制度　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于广大发展中国家而言,经济发展仍然是主要目标。针对于如何实现经济增长,新制度经济学家们给出的答案是制度:制度对于经济活动有着重要作用,制度变迁是经济增长的根源。在所有的制度中,最重要的是法律。上世纪60年代和90年代发生在发展中国家的,以法律改革为手段,以促进经济发展为目标的两次实践运动,被称为法律与发展运动。本文介绍了这场运动产生的条件、理论的基础以及对发展中国家的启示,从发展中国家总体和个别发展中国家案例两方面研究这场运动对于经济增长产生的影响,并探讨了法律与发展运动浪潮下中国的经验,以研究法律与发展运动对发展中国家经济的影响。本文共分为五部分:第一章为绪论,简要叙述了法律与发展运动研究意义、研究背景、总体思路。第二章在新制度经济学视角下,从制度的作用和制度变迁两个角度,探讨制度与经济发展的关系。制度可以降低交易成本、减少不确定性;制度可以起激励作用;制度可以创造合作条件;制度也可以使外部收益内部化。针对制度变迁,本文讨论了其与经济增长的关系,以及制度变迁中容易形成的路径依赖问题。第三章主要介绍了法律与发展运动。二战后,美国为首的发达国家为了输出意识形态,在现代化理论的指导下,推动发展中国家进行法律制度和法律文化改革。这场运动被称为旧法律与发展运动,由于其隐藏的霸权主义思想以及专家们脱离实际的研究方法在最终反思中走向失败。冷战后,全球化趋势增强,市场经济普遍推行,人权运动高涨,在依附理论的新发展和新制度经济学的兴起的背景下,法律与发展运动复苏。这场运动的目标、理论、规模都与旧法律与发展运动有很大的不同。第四章分析了法律与发展运动对发展中国家具体的影响。首先从90年代发展中国家纷纷进行法律改革以促进贸易的角度分析了对发展中国家整体经济增长的影响。并分析了对法律与发展运动重地——巴西的经济增长的影响。并分析了不恰当的法律,对巴西社会公平问题和尼日利亚知识产权问题造成的影响,论证法律对经济发展的作用。第五章讨论了法律与发展运动浪潮下中国的经验。中国改革开放以来取得了辉煌的经济建设和法治建设成就,许多专家用“政府论”和非正式制度论来解释经济增长,但他们并未否认法律,法律实际上在中国经济增长中发挥了不可替代的作用。在未来经济发展中更应注重法律的作用。法律与发展运动的理论和实践结果表明,发展中国家的经济增长离不开法律的保护,只有不断完善法律制度,坚定地走法治化道路,才能为经济发展保驾护航。
[Abstract]:For the majority of developing countries, economic development is still the main goal. In view of how to achieve economic growth, the answer given by the new institutional economists is system: institutions play an important role in economic activities. Institutional change is the root of economic growth. Of all institutions, the most important is the law. In -40s and 90s, law reform took place in developing countries. The two practical movements aimed at promoting economic development are called the Law and Development Movement. This paper introduces the conditions of the movement, the theoretical basis and the enlightenment to the developing countries. This paper studies the impact of this movement on economic growth from two aspects of the overall and individual cases of developing countries, and probes into the experience of China under the wave of law and development movement. This paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter is the introduction, briefly narrates the significance and background of the research on the law and development movement. The second chapter discusses the relationship between institution and economic development from the perspective of institutional function and institutional change in the perspective of new institutional economics. Institutions can reduce transaction costs and reduce uncertainty; System can play an incentive role; Institutions can create conditions for cooperation; Institution can also make external income internalized. In view of institutional changes, this paper discusses the relationship between institution and economic growth. The third chapter mainly introduces the law and development movement. After World War II, the developed countries led by the United States in order to export ideology, under the guidance of modernization theory. Promoting legal system and legal culture reform in developing countries. This movement is known as the old law and development movement. Because of its hidden hegemonism thought and the experts' research method which deviated from the reality, they went to failure in the final introspection. After the Cold War, the trend of globalization became stronger, the market economy was widely carried out, and the human rights movement was on the upsurge. In the context of the new development of dependency theory and the rise of new institutional economics, the movement of law and development recovers. Chapter 4th analyzes the specific impact of the law and development movement on developing countries. First, since 90s, developing countries have carried out legal reforms to promote trade. The impact on the economic growth of developing countries as a whole, the impact on the economic growth of Brazil, which is the focus of the legal and development movement, and the analysis of inappropriate laws are analyzed in this paper. Impact on social equity in Brazil and intellectual property rights in Nigeria. Chapter 5th discusses the experience of China under the wave of law and development movement. China has made brilliant achievements in economic construction and rule of law construction since the reform and opening up. Many experts use "government" and informal institutionalism to explain economic growth, but they do not deny the law. In fact, law has played an irreplaceable role in China's economic growth, and it should pay more attention to the role of law in the future economic development. The theoretical and practical results of the law and development movement show that. The economic growth of developing countries can not be separated from the protection of laws. Only by constantly perfecting the legal system and firmly following the road of ruling by law can the economic development be safeguarded.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D910;F112.1

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