我国居民收入差距的制度性因素研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 06:47

本文关键词： 收入分配制度因素财产性收入户籍制度再分配不公　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前,我国经济发展迅速,人民生活水平不断提高,但是我国富裕阶层人数少,所占的收入比重却很高,中产阶层人数所占比重也少,比重较高的是收入处于中低水平的人群。因此就呈现出收入分配不均的现象,这样的结构会导致社会不稳定,从而陷入“中等收入陷阱”。现在,很多文献都研究了影响收入分配差距的因素和对策,收入分配问题早已是研究的热点,但从制度层面剖析的研究还有待进一步深入。本文以制度为主线,首先对国内外研究收入分配的文献进行概述,再对收入分配的内涵、收入分配差距及其测度的相关概念、制度性因素界定、收入分配以及新制度经济学的相关理论进行介绍,并分析了我国居民收入分配差距的现状以及差距扩大会产生的影响,在此基础上,从要素市场的制度性扭曲,户籍制度制约、社会再分配过程中调节不公、政府不规范行为这几个方面阐述了制度因素影响收入分配差距的具体表现,将户籍制度导致劳动力市场扭曲、政府财政支出城市偏向性、制度因素导致效率差异、要素市场流动不彻底导致财产性收入差距扩大等制度因素引入,构建了一个理论模型,并利用2000-2011年中国31个省、市、自治区的面板数据进行实证检验,得出相关结论：促进要素市场平衡发展,提高居民的财产性收入有助于缩小差距；户籍制度制约劳动力的自由流动,不利于收入分配差距的缩小：对城镇居民的转移支付大于对农村居民的转移支付,则会扩大收入差距；增加财政支出,包括教育支出也有助于缩小差距；国有经济比重与收入分配差距的大小之间没有很大的因果关系。本文在最后提出,初次分配中要注重发展的效率,促进要素市场发展完善,使生产要素自由流动,消除要素市场的制度性扭曲,提高居民财产性收入,促进居民财产分布的均等化。从根本上改革户籍制度,促进劳动力自由流动,再分配过程中要注重公平性,规范政府行为,惩治腐败。
[Abstract]:At present, China's rapid economic development, people's living standards continue to improve, but the number of rich class in our country, the proportion of income is very high, the middle class is also a small proportion. The higher proportion is in the middle and low income groups. Therefore, the phenomenon of income distribution is uneven, such a structure will lead to social instability, thus falling into the "middle-income trap." now. Many literatures have studied the factors and countermeasures that affect the income distribution gap. The income distribution problem has already been the research hot spot, but the research from the system level analysis still needs to be further deepened. This article takes the system as the main line. First of all, the domestic and foreign research on income distribution literature is summarized, then the connotation of income distribution, income distribution gap and its measurement related concepts, institutional factors are defined. Income distribution and the relevant theories of new institutional economics are introduced, and the current situation of income distribution gap and the impact of the gap will be analyzed. On this basis, the institutional distortion of factor market is analyzed. Household registration system constraints, social redistribution in the adjustment of unfair, government non-standard behavior these aspects of the system factors affecting the specific performance of income distribution gap, the household registration system will lead to the distortion of the labor market. This paper constructs a theoretical model by introducing some institutional factors, such as the urban bias of government fiscal expenditure, institutional factors leading to the difference in efficiency, and the incomplete flow of factor markets leading to the widening of property income gap. Using panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2000 to 2011, the empirical test is carried out, and the relevant conclusions are drawn: to promote the balanced development of factor market. Raising the residents' property income helps to narrow the gap; The household registration system restricts the free movement of labor force, which is not conducive to the narrowing of the income distribution gap: the transfer payment to the urban residents is larger than the transfer payment to the rural residents, and the income gap will be enlarged; Increased fiscal spending, including expenditure on education, has also helped to narrow the gap; There is no great causal relationship between the proportion of state-owned economy and the gap of income distribution. At the end of this paper, we should pay attention to the efficiency of development in the initial distribution and promote the development of factor market. To free the flow of factors of production, eliminate the institutional distortion of the factor market, improve the income of residents property, promote the equalization of the distribution of household property, fundamentally reform the household registration system, promote the free movement of labor force. In the process of redistribution, we should pay attention to fairness, standardize government behavior and punish corruption.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

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