马来西亚的新经济政策与族群关系演变（1957-1990）

发布时间：2018-02-12 04:01

本文关键词： 马来西亚族群关系 “分而治之”政策 “5·13”事件新经济政策　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：族群问题对于一国的发展来说至关重要,族群之间相处的和谐与否,决定着该国能否屹立于世界强国之列。作为一个多元族群国家,马来西亚的族群关系有着其特殊性。独立之初,马来(西)亚没有一个族群在数量上占绝对性优势,并且各族群在政治、经济及文化等领域的差异较大,发展极不平衡。随着国家政权的建立及稳固,族群之间的矛盾并没有得到妥善处理。相反,各族群在经济资源以及文化和政治权利等方面的竞争却日益激烈,最终酿成了马来西亚历史上有名的“5·13”族群暴力事件。马来西亚政府认为,此次冲突主要是由族群间的经济差距造成的,并于上个世纪70年代着手实施了新经济政策,大刀阔斧的进行各项政策的改革与调整。本文以新经济政策为主线,探讨了独立前夕以及建国之后,马来(西)亚族群关系的发展演变过程,重点分析了新经济政策的实施及其对族群关系发展演变所产生的影响。本文把政府各项政策的实行和族群关系的演变两方面紧密地联系起来,以全面深入地揭示马来西亚族群状况形成和演变的深刻原因。具体来说,第一章探讨了新经济政策前马来(西)亚族群关系的发展状况及其形成原因；第二章主要讲述新经济政策的实施内容,以及80年代后期政府对新经济政策进行的相关调整。最后对新经济政策的实施做出评价；第三章分析了新经济政策对马来西亚族群关系的演变所起到的作用和影响；第四章简要阐述了新经济政策之后,本文对马来西亚族群关系发展状况的反思。同时,本文也对马来西亚国族打造方面进行了初步探讨,并提出相应的解决方案。族群冲突是马来西亚乃至当今世界许多国家所面临的棘手问题,各族群之间为了争夺资源、维护自身利益不惜采取暴力、战争的手段。在当今世界,如何谋求族群间的合作、双赢以及实现共同的发展已显得愈发重要。研究马来西亚的族群政策和族群关系演变的历程,可以为其他处于族群问题困扰下的国家提供宝贵的经验。
[Abstract]:The issue of ethnic groups is crucial to the development of a country. The harmony between ethnic groups determines whether the country can stand among the world powers. As a pluralistic nation, The ethnic relations in Malaysia have their own particularities. At the beginning of independence, none of Malaysia's ethnic groups had an absolute advantage in terms of numbers, and there were significant differences among the ethnic groups in political, economic and cultural fields. Development is extremely uneven. With the establishment and consolidation of state power, the contradictions between ethnic groups have not been properly dealt with. On the contrary, competition among ethnic groups over economic resources and cultural and political rights has become increasingly fierce, It turned out to be the famous "May 13" ethnic violence in Malaysia's history. The Malaysian government believed that the conflict was mainly caused by economic disparities among ethnic groups, and in -30s began to implement a new economic policy. The reform and adjustment of various policies were carried out in a drastic manner. Taking the new economic policy as the main line, this paper probes into the development and evolution of the inter-ethnic relations in Malaysia (West) on the eve of independence and after the founding of the people's Republic of China. The implementation of the new economic policy and its influence on the development and evolution of ethnic group relations are analyzed in this paper. The implementation of various government policies and the evolution of ethnic relations are closely linked together in this paper. The first chapter discusses the development of Malay (Western) sub-ethnic relations before the new economic policy and the reasons for its formation. The second chapter mainly describes the implementation of the new economic policy, as well as the late 80s government on the new economic policy adjustment. Finally, the implementation of the new economic policy evaluation; The third chapter analyzes the role and influence of the new economic policy on the evolution of ethnic relations in Malaysia. Chapter 4th gives a brief description of the new economic policy, and reflects on the development of ethnic relations in Malaysia. This paper also makes a preliminary discussion on the ethnic group building in Malaysia, and puts forward corresponding solutions. Ethnic conflict is a thorny problem facing Malaysia and even many countries in the world today. In order to fight for resources and defend their own interests, ethnic groups do not hesitate to resort to violence and war. In today's world, how to seek inter-ethnic cooperation, The study of Malaysia's ethnic policy and the evolution of ethnic relations can provide valuable experience for other countries that are beset by ethnic problems.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F133.8

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