民主德国经济失败原因探析

发布时间：2018-03-01 05:04

  本文关键词： 民主德国 计划经济 经济改革 政治经济 经济政治　出处：《学术界》2017年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：民主德国经济失败只能在相对意义上才能站得住脚,相对于西方国家经济,主要是联邦德国。正是由于经互会国家经济在世界范围内的整体劣势,使得其中的佼佼者面对联邦德国才显出失败的态势。这个态势不能笼统归于计划经济体制本身,而是由内外部多方面原因导致。内部原因主要在于政治因素对经济的绝对主导,以致出于意识形态缘故而不惜违背经济规律,使得计划完全脱离市场,成了不顾事实的主观任意行为;外部原因主要是苏联的控制和整个经互会国家经济的不景气。前者使得其无法从民族经济利益角度去看待经济问题,后者使得其外贸强项的实际经济值大幅下降。所以,民主德国经济在与联邦德国的同比中最终被舍弃,不能简单归于计划经济体制本身,它与多方面因素相关。计划经济体制并不是命里注定要失败的,就像市场经济体制并不是命里注定会成功的一样,关键在如何计划和如何市场。
[Abstract]:The economic failure of the GDR can only be sustained in a relative sense. Compared with the economies of Western countries, mainly the Federal Republic of Germany, it is precisely because of the overall disadvantages of the economies of the EEC countries in the world. This situation cannot be attributed to the planned economic system itself, but is caused by various internal and external reasons. The internal reason lies mainly in the absolute dominance of the political factors over the economy. To the extent that ideological reasons and do not hesitate to violate economic laws, so that the plan completely out of the market, has become a subjective arbitrary act regardless of the facts; The external reasons are mainly the control of the Soviet Union and the economic depression of the entire economic exchange country. The former makes it unable to look at economic problems from the perspective of the national economic interests, and the latter causes the real economic value of its foreign trade strength to decline substantially. The fact that the GDR economy was ultimately abandoned in the same year as the Federal Republic of Germany cannot simply be attributed to the planned economic system itself, which is related to many factors. The planned economy is not doomed to failure. Just as a market economy is not destined to succeed, the key is how to plan and how to market.
【作者单位】： 华东理工大学德语国家研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“战后德国经济,社会结构和阶级构成的变化研究”(批准号:09BSS016)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F119;K516.5
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本文编号：1550505