OFDI逆向技术溢出对我国技术创新能力的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 02:21

本文选题：对外直接投资　切入点：逆向技术溢出　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着世界经济一体化进程的加速和我国经济的发展，国家鼓励企业走出去寻求技术、市场等资源，对外直接投资(OFDI)产生的效应如何、对于国内生产发展有何影响随着其规模的增大也愈加为人们所关注。与此同时，技术领先带来的经济收益远高于成本优势创造的规模效益，技术优势日渐成为企业和国家核心竞争力的体现，如何获取技术优势成为研究实践关注的重点。由此，学者们将对外直接投资和技术优势联系起来，对于二者之间的关系进行研究分析，主要针对对外直接投资是否能够产生逆向技术效应，对外直接投资产生的逆向技术溢出是否能够促进技术进步以及如何促进技术进步，对外直接投资产生逆向技术溢出的影响如何等等。而技术创新是技术进步的高级形式，是获取超额利润的关键，很有必要将技术创新从技术进步中剥离单独进行研究。因为只有提高了技术创新能力，才能实现技术创新，企业才能获取超额利润，国家才能成为创新型国家，基于此，本文确定研究对象为对外直接投资逆向技术溢出对我国技术创新能力的影响，分别从理论和实证方面进行研究和探索。在对OFDI逆向技术溢出对我国技术创新能力影响机制研究方面，本文在综合总结前人研究的基础上进行分析并指出，我国企业进行对外直接投资产生逆向技术溢出，其可通过研发收益机制、示范模范机制、人员流动机制、企业网络溢出机制等四种机制来促进企业自身技术创新能力的提高。通过企业带动行业、产业，进而推动整个国家技术创新能力的提高。在定量分析方面，笔者先通过搜集数据对我国对外直接投资和技术创新能力进行分析并指出我国对外直接投资金额逐年提高，但整体规模较小；投资流向发达国家的金额有所提高，但其占全部对外直接投资的比重较小；对于高新技术行业的投资有所提高，仍以资源获取、金融投资等为主；技术创新成果显著提高，但创新层次不高，技术创新能力有待提升。在实证分析方面，本文以知识生产函数为基础构建模型，选取1996-2012年间的数据，运用最小二乘法分析OFDI逆向技术溢出对技术创新能力的影响。研究结果表明OFDI逆向技术溢出对我国技术创新能力具有微弱的抑制作用而且不是技术创新能力提高的格兰杰原因，研发投入和科技人员投入是技术创新能力的格兰杰原因，并且具有显著的促进作用。这与实际情况是相符的，这可能是因为我国技术寻求型的对外直接投资规模和存量较小，产生的逆向溢出效应较低，进而影响了其对技术创新能力的作用效果。根据定性和定量分析，本文分别从政府和企业层面提出相应的建议对策，建议鼓励技术寻求型对外直接投资，，建立健全技术创新体系，注重科技人才的投入和培养，提高技术吸收、转换、创新能力。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of world economic integration and the development of China's economy, how does the state encourage enterprises to go out and seek resources such as technology, market, and foreign direct investment (OFDI)? At the same time, the economic benefits of technological leadership far outweigh the economies of scale created by cost advantages. The technology advantage is becoming the embodiment of the core competence of the enterprise and the country day by day. How to obtain the technology advantage becomes the focus of the research practice. As a result, the scholars link the foreign direct investment with the technology advantage. Research and analysis on the relationship between the two, mainly focusing on whether FDI can produce reverse technology effect, whether the reverse technology spillover from FDI can promote technological progress and how to promote technological progress. Technological innovation is an advanced form of technological progress, and it is the key to obtain excess profits. It is very necessary to separate technological innovation from technological progress for research. Because only by improving the ability of technological innovation can technological innovation be realized, enterprises can obtain excess profits, and the country can become an innovative country. In this paper, the object of study is the impact of reverse technology spillover of foreign direct investment on the ability of technological innovation in China, respectively from the theoretical and empirical aspects of research and exploration. In the aspect of the research on the mechanism of OFDI reverse technology spillover on the technological innovation ability of our country, this paper analyzes and points out that the foreign direct investment of Chinese enterprises produces reverse technology spillover on the basis of summing up the previous studies. It can promote the improvement of enterprises' technological innovation ability through four kinds of mechanisms, such as R & D revenue mechanism, demonstration model mechanism, personnel flow mechanism, enterprise network spillover mechanism, etc. In terms of quantitative analysis, the author analyzes China's foreign direct investment (FDI) and technological innovation ability by collecting data and points out that the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) is increasing year by year. However, the overall scale is small, the amount of investment flowing to developed countries has been increased, but its proportion in the total foreign direct investment is relatively small, and the investment in high-tech industries has been improved, such as resources acquisition, financial investment and so on. The achievements of technological innovation have been improved significantly, but the level of innovation is not high, and the ability of technological innovation needs to be improved. In empirical analysis, this paper builds a model based on knowledge production function, and selects the data from 1996 to 2012. The effect of OFDI reverse technology spillover on technological innovation ability is analyzed by using least square method. The results show that OFDI reverse technology spillover has a weak inhibitory effect on China's technological innovation ability and is not the Granger cause of technological innovation capability improvement. Research and development investment and scientific and technological personnel investment are the Granger reasons for the technological innovation ability, and they play a significant role in promoting technology innovation. This is consistent with the actual situation, which may be due to the relatively small scale and stock of foreign direct investment in technology seeking in China. The adverse spillover effect is low, which affects its effect on the technological innovation ability. According to the qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions from the government and the enterprise level. It is suggested to encourage foreign direct investment of technology seeking, establish and perfect technological innovation system, pay attention to the input and cultivation of scientific and technological talents, and improve the ability of technology absorption, transformation and innovation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.3;F832.6

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