服务价格上涨对中国城乡居民福利的影响

发布时间：2018-03-19 11:50

本文选题：福利　切入点：服务价格　出处：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来中国服务价格逐渐上涨,中国城乡居民生活条件不断改善,居民的消费习惯逐渐改变。以服务性消费为代表的中高端消费比重在逐渐增加,原本的生活必需品消费支出比重在逐步下降。因此研究服务价格与居民福利的问题很有意义。本文从两个角度出发来分别研究服务价格上升与居民福利的问题。首先以加入人口变量的二次几乎完美需求系统模型为基础,采用历年中国城市(镇)生活与价格年鉴中的调查数据,对居民的服务消费行为做了分析;然后在二次几乎完美需求系统的基础上引入Minot福利模型,研究了各类服务价格上涨对居民福利的影响。其次,通过主观幸福感视角,采用2013年中国综合社会调查截面数据(China General Social Survey,缩写CGSS),从整体上研究了服务价格上涨对居民幸福感的影响。利用边际效应分析方法和OrderedProbit模型来分析服务价格上升对居民福利的影响。主要结论:(1)当服务价格上涨,则福利效应的结果为负;服务价格下降,则福利效应的结果为正。福利结果的大小主要与服务价格上涨率、希克斯价格弹性,居民花费在各类服务消费品上的数额和消费比重有关。比较长短期福利结果可知长期福利效应对各类服务价格波动带来的影响具有缓冲作用,但总的来说效果不明显。(2)价格波动和各类服务消费价格弹性的差异,使得各类服务价格上涨对城市居民和农村居民的福利损失存在明显差异。整体上来看,主要由于城市居民的服务消费量大,导致家庭服务、医疗服务和文教娱乐的福利损失值会大于农村居民。而在福利损失百分比上,由于消费支出比重的差异和服务价格上涨率的不同,农村居民在居住类的服务消费福利损失上大于城市居民。(3)服务价格的上涨会明显降低人们的幸福感,从而导致社会福利成本较高。平均服务价格上涨1%,这需要GDP增长3.8个点才能弥补。整体上看来,服务价格上涨给居民带来的冲击影响明显,导致居民的平均整体幸福感下降1.115%。在对收入高低分组研究时,可以发现服务价格通胀对影响幸福感效果是递减的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the price of services in China has gradually risen, the living conditions of Chinese urban and rural residents have been continuously improved, and the consumption habits of residents have gradually changed. The proportion of middle-high-end consumption represented by service consumption is gradually increasing. The proportion of consumption expenditure of basic necessities is decreasing gradually. So it is very meaningful to study the problem of service price and resident welfare. This paper studies the problem of service price rising and resident welfare separately from two angles. First of all, based on the quadratic almost perfect demand system model with population variables, Based on the survey data of Chinese city (town) living and price yearbooks over the years, this paper analyzes the service consumption behavior of residents, and then introduces the Minot welfare model on the basis of the second almost perfect demand system. This paper studies the effect of price increase of various kinds of services on the welfare of residents. Secondly, from the perspective of subjective well-being, Based on China General Social Survey data of 2013, this paper studies the effect of service price increase on residents' well-being. Marginal effect analysis method and OrderedProbit model are used to analyze the effect of service price increase on service price. The main conclusion is that when the price of services goes up, The result of welfare effect is negative, and the result of welfare effect is positive. The magnitude of welfare effect is mainly related to the rising rate of service price, Hicks price elasticity, The amount spent by residents on various kinds of service consumer goods is related to the proportion of consumption. Compared with the results of long-term and short-term welfare, it can be seen that long-term welfare effects have a buffer effect on the effects of price fluctuations of various types of services. But on the whole, the effect is not obvious. (2) the fluctuation of price and the difference of price elasticity of consumption of various kinds of services make the increase of price of various kinds of services have obvious difference to the welfare loss of urban residents and rural residents. On the whole, Mainly due to the large consumption of services by urban residents, the welfare losses of family services, medical services, and cultural, educational and recreational services will be greater than those of rural residents. In terms of the percentage of welfare losses, Due to the difference in the proportion of consumer expenditure and the rate of increase in service prices, the increase in service consumption welfare losses of rural residents in the residential category is greater than that in urban residents.) the increase in service prices will significantly reduce people's happiness. Thus, the cost of social welfare is higher. The average service price rises by 1%, which requires an increase of 3.8 points in GDP to make up for it. Overall, the impact of the rise in service prices on residents is obvious. As a result, the average overall well-being of residents decreased by 1.115. In the study of income groups, we can find that service price inflation is decreasing to the effect of well-being.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F126;F719

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