中国国有企业改革对贫富差距影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 20:03

本文选题：国企改革　切入点：贫富差距　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自改革开放以来，我国的经济体制改革一直备受国内外学者关注，而国有企业改革又成为重中之重。纵观经济体制改革历程，从最开始的“一大二公三纯”，到后来的“以公有制为主体，其他经济成分为补充，多种经济成分共同发展”，再到现在的“以公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展”的基本经济制度，公有制经济在经济体制改革中逐渐缩减。在我国经济快速发展的同时，贫富差距不断在增大，而且这种增大的状况已经超乎民众的心理预期。根据世界银行的报告，从2000年开始，我国的基尼系数已经超过0.4的警戒线，近十年间，城乡之间、地区之间以及行业之间的贫富差距日趋明显。不能否认，改革开放让一部分人、一部分地区富裕了起来，但是，，改革开放的成果显然没有被所有人、所有地区平均享有。如果这样的局面持续下去，贫富之间的敌意与对立就会与日俱增，社会矛盾也会逐渐积聚，最终影响社会和谐。国有企业改革和贫富差距两者都是关乎国计民生的大问题。随着国有企业改革的进行，公有制比例越来越小，而我国的基尼系数恰恰和公有制的比例缩减呈现相反的增长趋势。根据中华人民共和国国家统计局公布的2003-2012年的基尼系数，2003年0.479，2004年0.473，2005年0.485，2006年0.487，2007年0.484，2008年0.491，2009年0.490，2010年0.481，2011年0.477，2012年0.474。1从前面的数据可以看出，我国在过去十年的基尼系数均超过了4.7，有些年份甚至达到了4.9，这不得不令人深思：贫富差距的扩大是否和国有企业改革有关？如果相关，国有企业在未来的改革中是继续坚持“国退民进”还是适当的“国进民退”？国有企业改革该何去何从？本文把国有企业改革和贫富差距作为主要研究对象，运用马克思主义的基本生产关系探讨贫富差距的形成和拉大原因，以“城镇基尼系数”和“国有职工人员比例”为指标，运用时间序列分析方法进行计量经济研究，综合分析国有企业改革和贫富差距拉大的内在经济关系。旨在验证国有企业改革与贫富差距的根本联系，并从国有企业改革的角度提出缩小我国贫富差距的政策和建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic system reform has been concerned by scholars at home and abroad, while the reform of state-owned enterprises has become a top priority. From the beginning of the "Big two Men and three Pure" to the later "public ownership as the main, other economic components as a supplement," to the present "public ownership as the main body," The basic economic system of "the common development of the economy of various forms of ownership", the public ownership economy gradually shrinks in the course of the economic restructuring. While China's economy is developing rapidly, the gap between the rich and the poor is constantly increasing. Moreover, this increase has exceeded the psychological expectations of the public. According to a World Bank report, since 2000, the Gini coefficient in China has exceeded the warning line of 0.4. In the last decade, between urban and rural areas, The gap between the rich and the poor between regions and industries is becoming increasingly obvious. It cannot be denied that the reform and opening up has made some people and some regions rich, but the fruits of reform and opening up have obviously not been made available to all. If this situation continues, the hostility and antagonism between the rich and the poor will grow, and social conflicts will gradually accumulate and ultimately affect social harmony. The reform of state-owned enterprises and the gap between the rich and the poor are both major issues related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. With the reform of state-owned enterprises, the proportion of public ownership is becoming smaller and smaller. According to the Gini coefficient published by the National Bureau of Statistics of the people's Republic of China in 2003-2012, the Gini coefficient in 2003, 2003, 2004, 2004, 2005, 0.487, 2007, 0.491, 2008, 2009, 0.490, 2010, 0.4812011, respectively. As can be seen from the previous data, as can be seen in the year 0.477, and in 2012, 0.474.1, In the past ten years, the Gini coefficient of our country has exceeded 4.7, and in some years it has even reached 4.9. This makes people wonder whether the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor is related to the reform of state-owned enterprises. If relevant, will the state-owned enterprises continue to adhere to the principle of "state retreat from the people's advancement" or the appropriate "state advance and people's retreat" in the future reform? What to do with the reform of state-owned enterprises? This paper takes the reform of state-owned enterprises and the gap between the rich and the poor as the main research object, discusses the causes of the gap between the rich and the poor by using the basic production relations of Marxism, taking the Gini coefficient of cities and towns and the proportion of state-owned workers and staff as the indicators. Using the method of time series analysis, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the internal economic relationship between the reform of state-owned enterprises and the widening gap between the rich and the poor, in order to verify the fundamental relationship between the reform of state-owned enterprises and the gap between the rich and the poor. And from the angle of the reform of state-owned enterprises, this paper puts forward some policies and suggestions to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.1;F271;F124.7

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