技术进步与服务贸易出口结构优化的研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 07:52

本文选题：技术进步　切入点：边干边学效应　出处：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪60年代以来,世界各国服务业繁荣发展,服务业成为了世界经济的重心。由此也推动了服务贸易在全球的迅猛发展,其已然成为继货物贸易和对外直接投资之外国际经济活动中的又一大核心内容。以此背景,本文通过研究中国服务贸易的具体情况,深入剖析了技术进步影响我国服务贸易出口结构的路径。首先,本文探讨了国际货物贸易理论在服务贸易领域的适用性,回顾了有关服务贸易出口结构影响因素的文献,在众多的影响因素中重点回顾了技术进步这一因素对服务贸易出口的影响。接着,考察了我国服务业以及服务贸易的发展现状,重点分析了我国服务贸易出口结构的情况,并与发达国家的服务贸易出口结构进行了比较分析。然后,在静态比较优势理论的基础上,构造了两个技术进步影响服务贸易出口结构的动态比较优势模型,详细探讨了技术进步改变服务贸易出口结构的路径。最后,依托理论模型用中国的数据实证分析了技术模仿和技术外溢对我国服务贸易出口结构的影响机制和贡献大小,进而提出相关的政策建议。研究发现,中国服务业和服务贸易发展迅猛,从总量上看已是服务贸易大国,但从结构上看称不上服务贸易强国,出口结构亟待改善。静态比较优势模型证明了技术进步是一国服务贸易出口结构的决定因素。动态比较优势模型分析发现：“边干边学效应”只能固化服务贸易的出口结构,发展中国家将陷入“比较优势陷阱”。而“技术外溢效应”使得发展中国家从国际服务贸易中获得先进技术,不断实现对发达国家的技术追赶。现实中,落后国家间的追赶存在差异,因此技术模仿效率的高低亦是影响一国服务贸易出口结构的重要因素。实证检验发现,技术模仿和技术外溢都促进了我国服务贸易出口结构的优化。且从长远来看,技术模仿的作用要比技术外溢作用显著,即人力资本水平的提高要比外国在华投资差额的提高更能改善我国的服务贸易出口结构。最后,提出了我国应立足动态比较优势理论、通过提升人力资本水平、加大招商引资和科技研发的力度等措施,以此促进我国服务贸易出口结构不断优化。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, the world's service industry has flourished and developed, and the service industry has become the focus of the world economy. This has also promoted the rapid development of service trade in the world. It has become another core content in international economic activities following the trade in goods and foreign direct investment. In this context, this paper studies the specific situation of China's trade in services. This paper deeply analyzes the way that technological progress affects the export structure of our country's service trade. First of all, this paper discusses the applicability of the theory of international trade in goods in the field of trade in services, and reviews the literature on the factors affecting the export structure of trade in services. This paper reviews the influence of technological progress on the export of service trade. Then, it reviews the current situation of China's service industry and service trade, and analyzes the export structure of China's service trade. Then, on the basis of static comparative advantage theory, two dynamic comparative advantage models are constructed to influence the export structure of service trade. Finally, based on the theoretical model, the paper empirically analyzes the influence mechanism and contribution of technology imitation and technology spillover on the export structure of China's service trade. Then put forward the relevant policy recommendations. The study found that China's service industry and trade in services have developed rapidly, and it has become a big country in service trade in terms of total amount, but it is not a powerful country in service trade from a structural point of view. The static comparative advantage model proves that technological progress is the decisive factor of a country's export structure of service trade. The dynamic comparative advantage model shows that "learning by doing" can only solidify the export structure of service trade. Developing countries will be caught in the "comparative advantage trap". And "technology spillover effect" will enable developing countries to acquire advanced technology from international trade in services and to continuously realize technological catch-up to developed countries. There are differences in catching up among backward countries, so the efficiency of technological imitation is also an important factor affecting the export structure of a country's service trade. The empirical results show that both technology imitation and technology spillover promote the optimization of export structure of China's service trade. In the long run, technology imitation plays a more important role than technology spillover. That is to say, the increase of human capital level can improve the export structure of China's service trade more than the increase of foreign investment balance in China. Finally, the paper puts forward that China should base itself on the theory of dynamic comparative advantage, and promote the continuous optimization of the export structure of China's service trade by raising the level of human capital, increasing the intensity of attracting investment and scientific and technological research and development.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.68;F719;F124.3

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