公平贸易与消除贫困的研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 06:22

本文选题：公平贸易 + 贫困　；参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：殖民时代以来,全世界贫富差距的问题一直存在。虽然之后出现了ODA和FDI等试图改变现状的援助办法,但这些办法早已丧失了其本义,甚至沦为富国笼络贫国的办法。公平贸易(Fair trade)是解决国际贸易中不公平现象的一种新手段,它不存在于国家政府之间、而只是存在于生产者和消费者之间,所以它又被称作替代贸易(Alternative trade)。本研究以公平贸易在国际贸易中的成果(进出口额)为基础,进而研究公平贸易的有效性和它的购买条件。首先,阐述自由贸易与贫困之间的关系,阐释贫困问题的同时,着重于阐述为何否定目前的援助办法(ODA和FDI);其次,介绍公平贸易的含义,阐释公平贸易是解决贫困问题的办法之一。在第4章会叙述公平贸易的运行机制、资金筹备、认证制度等问题;然后,以经济学视角看待公平贸易,目前没有学者通过经济学的理论来解释公平贸易,本文将在第5章运用经济学理论来着重分析公平贸易,如公平贸易的市场作用、外部性等,表明公平贸易在经济学的定位—公平贸易与目前的自由贸易不同,其独特性体现在在消费者的购买行为中,伦理消费(Ethical consumption)的因素会起到很重要的作用,这与行为经济学中“利他主义(Altruism)”的思想相符合,同时,通过提供信息等方式劝诱消费者进行伦理消费又与“自由家长主义(Libertarian paternalism)”的思想相吻合;最后,进行实证分析—通过面板数据来分析公平贸易的有效性与其购买条件(伦理消费),通过分析部分国家公平贸易的进出口量与某些经济指标可以得出如下结果:公平贸易有利于提高本国人民的生活水平,而在改善贫困水平方面,吸纳外国的直接投资、接受官方发展援助等方式从某种程度而言对这些发展中国家并没有显著作用,甚至有一定可能性会加剧贫困;对于作为公平贸易进口方的部分发达国家而言,本国的犯罪水平以及本国政府对教育的重视程度均与本国在公平贸易中的进口额之间存在显著的联系,即公平贸易进口国的犯罪率越低、教育投资比率越高,购买公平贸易产品的比重越高。
[Abstract]:Since the colonial era, the gap between the rich and the poor in the world has been a problem. Although aid methods such as ODA and FDI have since emerged, they have long lost their original meaning and even become rich countries' ways to win over the poor. Fair trade (Fair trade) is a new method to solve the unfair phenomenon in international trade. It does not exist between national governments, but between producers and consumers, so it is also called alternative trade. This study is based on the results of fair trade in international trade (import and export), and then studies the effectiveness of fair trade and its purchase conditions. First, to elaborate the relationship between free trade and poverty, and to explain the problem of poverty, while focusing on why ODA and FDI are negating the current aid package; secondly, to introduce the meaning of fair trade. Explaining fair trade is one of the solutions to poverty. In Chapter 4, we will describe the operating mechanism of fair trade, capital preparation, certification system and so on. Then, we will look at fair trade from the perspective of economics. At present, no scholars explain fair trade through the theory of economics. In chapter 5, we will use economic theory to analyze fair trade, such as fair trade's market function, externality, etc. It shows that fair trade is different from free trade in economics. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that ethical consumption plays an important role in consumer purchasing behavior, which is consistent with the idea of "altruism" in behavioral economics. Persuading consumers to engage in ethical consumption by providing information is consistent with the idea of "liberal paternalism". Empirical analysis-the validity of fair trade and its purchasing conditions are analyzed through panel data. By analyzing the import and export volume of fair trade and some economic indicators of some countries, the following results can be obtained: The level of trade is conducive to the improvement of the living standards of their people, In terms of improving poverty levels, attracting foreign direct investment and receiving official development assistance to some extent do not have a significant impact on these developing countries, and there is even a possibility that poverty will increase; For some developed countries that are importers of fair trade, there is a significant link between the level of crime in their countries and the importance that their governments attach to education, and the amount of their imports in fair trade, That is, the lower the crime rate in fair trade importing countries, the higher the ratio of investment in education and the higher the proportion of fair trade products.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F746;F113.9

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