经济体制转型中的行业工资差距研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 11:15

本文选题：行业工资差距 + 泰尔指数　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：市场经济体制改革以来，我国城乡收入差距、地区收入差距、行业收入差距不断扩大，这种收入分配格局的变化与我国建设和谐社会的目标是相违背的，引起了社会各界的广泛关注，也成为理论界研究的热点问题之一。其中，对行业工资差距的研究大多数是定性研究，对行业工资差距的表现、原因、政策建议提出了较多的看法。而本文是以马克思主义的劳动价值理论为理论指导，把马克思主义的工资理论贯穿于解释和解决我国的行业工资差距问题的始终，并运用计量模型对理论解释进行实证检验，实证结果与理论预期能够基本保持一致。本文将验证马克思主义的劳动价值理论在市场经济体制转型中的适用性，也为改革收入分配制度提供理论参考，具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。通过对古典、近代、现代经济学的梳理、归纳、总结、比较，发现马克思主义的劳动价值理论在我国社会主义市场经济中具有广泛的现实基础，它是认识、分析、解决我国行业工资差距的重要理论工具。根据马克思主义的价值与价格、劳动力价值与工资的辩证关系，行业工资是由劳动力价值来决定的，而劳动力市场的波动造成了工资对劳动力价值的偏离。在完善、均衡的劳动力市场中，工资能正确反映劳动力价值，此时出现的行业工资差距，按照马克思主义的劳动价值补偿原则，是属于合理的工资差距。但是在制度不完善、市场不均衡的条件下，工资不能正确反映劳动力价值，，此时出现的行业工资差距是需要调节的。在我国经济体制转型过程中，制度约束、市场不均衡的情况时有发生，所以，正确区分行业工资差距的性质，是我们正确制定政策的重要前提。通过计量模型对我国行业工资差距进行的实证分析，发现行业工资差距中合理部分超过了需要调节部分，后者中最大的影响因素是行业垄断。行业工资差距的出现是我国市场经济体制改革中的必然结果，在本文的研究期内（1978-2010年），行业工资结构变化明显，行业工资分布的离散程度扩大，运用行业大类数据所计算出来的基尼系数、泰尔指数都是在波动中不断增加，泰尔指数的分解结果表明产业内部的工资差距是行业工资差距不断扩大的主要原因。行业工资差距的不断扩大对经济社会的发展会产生不少影响。它可以通过消费和投资间接影响经济增长，行业工资差距的扩大不利于经济增长；它可以通过要素供给结构和产品需求结构来影响产业结构，行业工资差距的扩大不利于产业结构的优化升级；它可以直接影响就业结构，也可以通过经济增长影响就业总量。通过对我国实际情况的分析，发现行业工资差距与消费、投资、经济增长、产业结构、就业之间存在显著的相互关系；利用联立方程组模型，发现行业工资差距与消费和经济增长之间有正向关系，与投资之间有负向关系。对初次分配中产生的合理工资差距应积极鼓励，引入技术进步，提高行业劳动生产效率，鼓励教育投入，提高行业人力资本。对制度约束和市场不均衡形成的行业工资差距进行调节，完善各类市场，打破行业垄断，根据产业结构升级方向和FDI的行业布局，调整劳动力的就业结构和行业分布。运用再次分配中的税收制度、社会保障制度实现公平性的工资调节。
[Abstract]:Since the reform of the market economy system, the income gap between urban and rural areas, the income gap of the region and the income gap of the industry are expanding. The change of the income distribution pattern is contrary to the goal of building a harmonious society in our country. It has aroused wide attention from all walks of life and has become one of the hot issues in the theoretical circles. Most of the studies are qualitative research, which put forward more views on the performance, reasons and policy recommendations of the wage gap in the industry. This article is guided by the theory of Marx's labor value theory, and runs through the Marx doctrine of wage theory to explain and solve the problem of the wage gap in our country, and uses the measurement model. The empirical results can be basically consistent with the theoretical expectation. This paper will verify the applicability of Marx's theory of labor value in the transformation of the market economy system, and also provide theoretical reference for the reform of the income distribution system, which is of certain theoretical and practical significance.
By combing, summarizing, summarizing, comparing and comparing the classical, modern and modern economics, it is found that the Marx doctrine of labor value theory has a broad realistic basis in our socialist market economy. It is an important theoretical tool for understanding, analyzing and solving the wage gap in our country. According to the value and price of Marx doctrine, labor price The dialectical relationship between value and wage is determined by the value of the labor force, and the fluctuation of the labor market causes the deviation of the wages to the value of the labor force. In the perfect and balanced labor market, wages can correctly reflect the value of the labor force. At this time the gap in industry and capital appears to be compensated according to the labor value of Marx doctrine. However, it is a reasonable wage gap, but in the condition of imperfect system and unbalance of the market, wages can not correctly reflect the value of labor, and the wage gap in the industry needs to be adjusted. In the process of economic system transformation in China, the situation of institutional constraints and uneven market balance occurs, so it is correct to distinguish the wages of the industry. The nature of the gap is an important prerequisite for the correct policy formulation. Through the empirical analysis of the wage gap in China's industry, it is found that the reasonable part of the wage gap in the industry exceeds the need to adjust, and the most influential factor in the latter is the industry monopoly.
The emergence of the wage gap in the industry is the inevitable result of the reform of the market economy system in China. In the period of the study (1978-2010 years), the wage structure of the industry has changed obviously, the distribution of wages in the industry is expanded, and the Gini coefficient, calculated by the data of the industry, is increasing in the fluctuation and the Tel index. The decomposition results show that the wage gap within the industry is the main reason for the widening of the wage gap in the industry.
The expansion of the wage gap in the industry will have a lot of impact on the economic and social development. It can indirectly affect the economic growth through consumption and investment. The expansion of the wage gap in the industry is not conducive to economic growth; it can affect the production structure through the structure of the supply of factors and the structure of product demand, and the expansion of the wage gap in the industry is unfavorable to the growth of the industry. The optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure can affect the employment structure directly, and can also affect the total employment through economic growth. Through the analysis of the actual situation in China, it is found that there is a significant relationship between the wage gap in the industry and consumption, investment, economic growth, industrial structure and employment, and the industry workers are found by using the model of the simultaneous equations. There is a positive relationship between capital gap and consumption and economic growth, and there is a negative relationship between investment disparity and investment.
We should actively encourage the reasonable wage gap in the initial distribution, introduce technological progress, improve the efficiency of labor production, encourage the investment of education and improve the human capital of the industry, adjust the wage gap formed by the system constraint and the unbalance of the market, perfect the various kinds of market, break the industry monopoly, and upgrade the direction of the industrial structure and the direction of the industrial structure. FDI industry layout, the adjustment of labor employment structure and industry distribution, the use of the redistribution of the tax system, the social security system to achieve fair wage adjustment.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

【参考文献】